Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Assistants professor, Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering , Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
2
Assistants professor, Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gachsaran, Iran
3
Researcher, Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gachsaran, Iran
10.22034/plant.2024.141236.1101
Abstract
Drought stress is a significant constraint in arid and semi-arid regions, such as Bushehr province, Iran, and it has a detrimental impact on wheat production.Given the scarcity of rainfall and recurrent droughts, comparing wheat cultivars is crucial to identify those with higher yield and resilience under drought stress conditions. Eight wheat cultivars suitable for cultivation in Dashtestan, Bushehr province, were planted under both irrigated and dryland conditions using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and evaluated for various Agronomic traits in 2022-2023 years. The comparison of various traits under both irrigated and dryland conditions revealed the detrimental impact of drought stress on the evaluated wheat cultivars and the presence of genotype-by-environment interactions for a many of traits.While no significant statistical differences were observed for flag leaf length and the number of leaves per plant between the two cultivation environments, their absolute values were generally higher under dryland conditions. The average grain yield of the wheat cultivars was 4929.4 kg/ha under irrigated conditions and 1347.6 kg/ha under dryland conditions. Upon assessing yield-related traits and their components under irrigated conditions, Chamran, Mehregan and Aftab cultivars exhibited superior productivity. The yields of Chamran, Mehrgan and Aftab cultivars in irrigated cultivation were 3589.7, 3539.1 and 3315.8 kg per hectare, respectively. Among all the evaluated cultivars, Koohdasht exhibited the most favorable productivity in terms of the majority of yield-related traits and their components, including the number of productive tillers, the number of spikelets, the number of grains per spikelet, grain yield per plant, and grain yield per hectare. Additionally, this cultivar demonstrated remarkable resilience to drought stress and exhibited yield stability. Under dryland conditions, the cultivar exhibited a yield reduction of only 19.4% compared to irrigated conditions.
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