Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Associate professor, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University Tehran, Iran
2
Assistant professor, Medicinal Plants and By-products Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
10.22034/plant.2025.142802.1141
Abstract
To study of three cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) populations of Bonab, Erlan and Goljar in East Azerbaijan province, an experiment was conducted in completely randomized design on 2021 with three replications. Results showed that population effect on stem diameter at 5% and on plant height, number of flowers per plant, leaf length and width, number of lateral branches and drymatter yield at 1% probability level was significant. The highest plant height was obtained from Bonab population and the lowest from Erlan ones. The highest stem diameter and number of flowers per plant were obtained in Bonab region. Leaf length and width were 44% and 50% higher, respectively, in Erlan compared to Bonab population. The most drymatter yield (696.67 g/m2) was produced in Erlan population which was 58% more than Bonab. The highest essential oil percent was found in Bonab region. The highest and lowest levels of chlorophyll a, b and total were observed in Goljar and Bonab populations, respectively. The highest amount of anthocyanin was observed in flowers at Bonab, and in leaves at Goljar. The highest amount of chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoid and anthocyanin in leaves were produced in Guljar with 1770, while the lowest amount of leaf and flower anthocyanin was found at the lowest altitude in Erlan. Ultimately, Bonab and Guljar populations are introduced as superior regions by producing the highest amount of essential oil and anthocyanins, which are the desirable traits to medicinal plant cultivations and breeding.
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