Investigation of genetic diversity in Dragon's Head (Lalelemantia iberica) ecotypes using morphological traits and seed oil content in Khorramabad region

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Khorramabad, Iran

10.22034/plant.2025.144385.1173

Abstract

Introduction: Due to the need of breeders for extensive genetic resources to carry out breeding activities on crops, it seems necessary to identify factors and indicators effective in increasing yield and improving biochemical characteristics of the medicinal plant, Dragon’s head.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 35 new Dragon’s head ecotypes along with a control cultivar Sara were studied in a simple lattice design with two replications under rain-fed conditions. The experiment was conducted in 2021-2022 cropping year at Sarab Changaei Agricultural Research Station, Khorramabad for one year. Various traits, including phenological traits and the traits related to yield, yield components, and seed oil percentage, were measured. Different statistical analyses including univariate and multivariate methods were used for the data.
Results: The results of analysis of variance based on the lattice design showed that the effect of treatment was significant for single plant weight at the one percent probability level and for the traits number of days to physiological maturity, biological yield, and grain yield at the five percent probability level. The results of the analysis of variance of morphological traits based on a randomized complete block design showed that there was a significant difference among ecotypes in terms of the number of seeds per plant at probability level of 5% and in terms of the number of capsules per plant, the weight of seeds per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds at probability level of 1%. Based on the least significant difference test, the highest amount of seed weight per plant and seed yield per hectare was recorded for ecotype number 36 (Sonqor County). Ecotypes 11 and 36 had the lowest amount of phenological traits including days to flowering and days to physiological maturity and therefore are earlier. The highest amount of seed oil percentage was obtained in ecotype number 17 (locality 13 of Kalvaneq County). Seed yield was negatively correlated with the days to flowering and days to physiological maturity. The correlation between seed yield and oil percentage was positive and significant. Based on cluster analysis using Ward method and squared Euclidean distance, the ecotypes were divided into five groups. Ecotypes 36, 31, 34, 35, 18, 32 and 23 were the best ecotypes in this study. These ecotypes were also mostly in the same group in cluster analysis.
Conclusion: In general, significant genetic diversity was observed among the different studied ecotypes of Dragon’s head for agromorphologic characters and seed oil content. The best identified ecotypes can be used as parents in breeding programs.

Keywords

References

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Plant Production and Genetics
Volume 6, Issue 2 - Serial Number 10
February 2026
Pages 189-206

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