Evaluation of phenological stages and seed yield of canola cultivars in response to sowing dates and the application of sulfur and Thiobacillus

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Agronomy, Ramhormoz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramhormoz, Iran

10.22034/plant.2026.145306.1190

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the phenological stages, variations in growing degree days, and seed yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars in response to different sowing dates and the application of sulfur and Thiobacillus bacteria calcareous soil conditions during the 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 cropping seasons at the Agricultural Research Farm of Ramhormoz, Khuzestan Province, Iran. The experiment was conducted as a split-factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in calcareous soil containing 42% calcium carbonate. The main factor consisted of three sowing dates (T1: October 24, T2: November 19, and T3: December 17), while the sub-factor was a factorial combination of three canola (Brassica napus L.) genotypes (G1: Delgan, G2: Safar, and G3: Hyola 50) and three levels of sulfur application combined with Thiobacillus bacteria (S1: control, no sulfur; S2: 500 kg ha⁻¹ bentonite-coated sulfur + 10 kg ha⁻¹ Thiobacillus; S3: 1000 kg ha⁻¹ bentonite-coated sulfur + 20 kg ha⁻¹ Thiobacillus). The results of this study indicated that sowing date, cultivar, and sulfur application play a decisive role in regulating the growth and seed yield of canola. Early sowing, particularly on October 24, provided more favorable thermal conditions during the early growth stages, leading to increased accumulation of growing degree days (GDD), extended vegetative and reproductive periods, and consequently higher seed yield. sowing date (October 24), along with balanced sulfur application and the use of cultivars adapted to local climatic conditions, can enhance growth stability and improve seed yield in canola.

Keywords

Plant Production and Genetics

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 12 October 2026

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