Analysis of relationships between spike traits of bread wheat genotypes under rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions using GT biplot

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

2 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

3 , Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

10.22034/plant.2026.145325.1192

Abstract

In order to evaluate spike-related traits in bread wheat genotypes, an experiment was conducted in the 2022-2023 crop year at the educational-research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, in a split-plot design in a randomized complete block design with three replications and under two conditions of dryland and supplementary irrigation. The results of the analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between the genotypes in terms of spike traits, which indicates a significant genetic diversity in the studied plant materials. Heat map and clustering analysis separated the genotypes into two distinct groups in both moisture conditions and showed differences in the pattern of trait occurrence among them. Based on genotype by trait (GT) biplot analysis, the first two components explained a major part of the total data variations in dryland (about 76%) and supplementary irrigation (about 73%) conditions, respectively. GT biplot results showed that some genotypes had relative superiority in key spike traits including spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, and grain weight per spike. The results of this study indicated that spike traits can be used as suitable indicators for indirect selection of superior bread wheat genotypes, especially under moisture limitation conditions.

Keywords

Plant Production and Genetics

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 12 October 2026

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics