تاثیر زمان و نحوه مصرف کود اوره بر میزان پروتئین دانه و انتقال مجدد نیتروژن تحت تأثیر آبیاری تکمیلی در گندم دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 محقق موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، معاونت سرارود، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران.و دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

3 دانشیار، موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، معاونت سرارود، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی ،کرمانشاه ، ایران

10.34785/J020.2022.001

چکیده

نیتروژن نقش مهمی در افزایش کمی و کیفی عملکرد دانه گندم در دیم‌زارها ایفا می‌کند. در این پژوهش تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف محلول‌پاشی کود اوره و کود سرک در مراحل مختلف نمو بر پروتئین دانه و انتقال مجدد ازت در شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی بررسی شد. این تحقیق به صورت آزمایش کرت‌های خرد شده نواری بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال زراعی 96-1395 و 97-1396 و هر سال در دو آزمایش جداگانه دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی اجرا شد. عامل‌های آزمایش عبارت بودند از: الف) محلول‌پاشی کود اوره در چهار مرحله رشدی (شاهد (آب پاشی)، آبستنی، آبستنی+ پرشدن دانه و پرشدن دانه) در کرت‌های اصلی ب) چهار رقم گندم دیم در کرت‌های فرعی (به صورت عمودی) و ج) تیمار کود سرک در دو سطح (عدم مصرف و مصرف کود سرک در مرحله نمو پنجه‌زنی) به عنوان عامل افقی. نتایج تجزیه مرکب و مقایسه میانگین‌ داده‌ها نشان داد که محلول پاشی کود اوره در هر سه مرحله رشدی باعث افزایش معنی‌دار عملکرد دانه، محتوای نیتروژن، درصد و عملکرد پروتئین دانه و انتقال مجدد نیتروژن اندام‌های هوایی شد. کاربرد کود سرک بر عملکرد پروتئین دانه معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین مقدار این صفت در شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی به ترتیب 393 و 492 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. درهر دو شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی رقم ریژاو دارای بیشترین کارایی انتقال مجدد و رقم آذر-2 از کمترین میزان کارایی انتقال مجدد برخوردار بود. محلول‌پاشی در مرحله پرشدن دانه بیش‌ترین سهم در انتقال مجدد نیتروژن به دانه و  تیمار شاهد کم‌ترین نقش را داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of times and method of urea fertilizer application on grain protein content and nitrogen remobilization under supplementary irrigation in dryland wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahman Rajabi 1
  • Seyed Vahid Eslami Eslami 2
  • Majid Jami Al Ahmadi 2
  • Reza Mohammadi 3
  • Mohsen Saeidi 4
1 Researcher of Dryland Agricultural Research Sub-Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran. Ph.D. graduate, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Dryland Agricultural Research Sub-Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Nitrogen plays an important role in increasing the quantitative and qualitative yield of wheat in dryland regions. To evaluate the effect of nitrogen (urea) by different foliar application treatments and top dressing fertilizer on grain protein and nitrogen remobilization of wheat, a strip split-plot design based on RCBD with three replicates was conducted under dryland and supplemental irrigation conditions during two growing seasons (2016-17 and 2017-18). Experimental treatments were: A: control (without application of N), foliar application of urea during booting, booting + grain filling and grain filling stages as the main plot, B: wheat cultivars as sub-plots, C: top dressing fertilizer including application and non-application (control) in strip factor were considered. The results of combined analysis of variance and mean comparisons showed that foliar application of urea fertilizer in all three growth stages significantly increased grain yield, nitrogen content, percentage and yield of grain protein and grain nitrogen remobilization of shoots. The application of top dressing fertilizer in both dryland and supplementary irrigation conditions was significant on grain protein yield. The highest grain protein yield in both dryland and supplementary irrigation conditions were 393 and 492 kg/ha, respectively. Foliar application at the grain filling stage had the largest role in the nitrogen remobilization to the grain and the control. Foliar application at the grain filling stage had the highest and control (without foliar application) had the lowest share of nitrogen remobilization to the grain.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Remobilization
  • grain protein
  • foliar application
  • nitrogen

مراجع

Ahmadi, A., siosemardeh, A. and Zali, A. 2004. Comparison of storage and retransfer capacity of photosynthetic materials and their contribution to yield in four wheat cultivars under optimal I rrigation and drought stress conditions. Agricultural Sciences, 35(4): 913-921. (In Persian).
Allahverdiyev, T.I. 2016. Impact of soil water deficit on some physiological parameters of durum and bread wheat genotypes. Agriculture and Forestry, 62(1): 131-144.
Bly, A.G. and Woodard, H.J. 2003. Foliar nitrogen application timing influence on grain yield and protein concentration of hard red winter and spring wheat. Agronomy, 95(2): 335-338.
Cheema, M.A., Saleem, M. and Malik, M.A.A. 2001. Effect of row spacing and nitrogen management of agronomic traits and oil quality of canola (Brassica napus L.). Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 38:15-18.
Comastri, A., Janni, M., Simmonds, J., Uauy, C., Pignone, D., Nguyen, H.T. and Marmiroli, N. 2018. Heat in wheat: exploit reverse genetic techniques to discover new alleles within the Triticum durum sHsp26 family. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9:1-16.
Cox, M.C., Qualset, C.O. and Rains, D.W. 1986. Genetic variation for nitrogen assimilation and translocation in wheat. III. Nitrogen translocation in relation to grain yield and protein 1. Crop Science, 26(4): 737-740.
Dick, C.D., Thompson, N.M., Epplin, F.M. and Arnall, D.B. 2016. Managing late‐season foliar nitrogen fertilization to increase grain protein for winter wheat. Agronomy, 108(6): 2329-2338.
Faizi Asl, W., Valizadeh, G.R. 2004. The effect of urea foliar application time on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Sardari wheat in rainfed conditions. Agricultural Sciences, 2(35): 301-311. (In Persian).
Fealegari, H., Ghobadi, M., Mohammadi, G. and Jalali-Honarmand, S. 2017. Investigation of physiological traits of wheat cultivars under different levels of nitrogen and irrigation. Plant Technology Production, 16: 97-109. (In Persian).
Golik, S.I., Chidichimo, H.O. and Sarandón, S.J. 2005. Biomass production, nitrogen accumulation and yield in wheat under two tillage systems and nitrogen supply in the Argentine Rolling Pampa. Agricultural Sciences, 1(1): 36-41.
Havlin, J.L. 2020. Soil: Fertility and nutrient management. In Landscape and land capacity. CRC Press, p15: 251-265.
Hellemans, T., Landschoot, S., Dewitte, K., Van Bockstaele, F., Vermeir, P., Eeckhout, M. and Haesaert, G. 2018. Impact of crop husbandry practices and environmental conditions on wheat composition and quality: a review. Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(11): 2491-2509.
Kamiji, Y., Pang, J., Milroy, S.P. and Palta, J.A. 2014. Shoot biomass in wheat is the driver for nitrogen uptake under low nitrogen supply, but not under high nitrogen supply. Field Crops Research, 165: 92-98.
Khan, P., Memon, M.Y., Imtiaz, M. and Aslam, M. 2009. Response of wheat to foliar and soil application of urea at different growth stages. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(3): 1197-1204.
Kirda, C., Derici, M.R. and Schepers, J.S. 2001. Yield response and N-fertiliser recovery of rainfed wheat growing in the Mediterranean region. Field Crops Research, 71(2): 113-122.
Koenig, R.T., Cogger, C.G. and Bary, A.I. 2011. Dryland winter wheat yield, grain protein, and soil nitrogen responses to fertilizer and biosolids applications. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2011: 1-9.
Li, S.X., Wang, Z.H., Malhi, S.S., Li, S.Q., Gao, Y.J. and Tian, X.H. 2009. Nutrient and water management effects on crop production, and nutrient and water use efficiency in dryland areas of China. Advances in Agronomy, 102: 223-265.
Makino, A. 2011. Photosynthesis, grain yield, and nitrogen utilization in rice and wheat. Plant physiology, 155(1): 125-129.
Maqsood, M.A., Rahmatullah, S.H.A.M.S.A., Kanwal, T., Aziz, A.M. and Ashraf, M., 2009. Evaluation of Zn distribution among grain and straw of twelve indigenous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(1): 225-231.
Masoni, A., Ercoli, L., Mariotti, M. and Arduini, I. 2007. Post-anthesis accumulation and remobilization of dry matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in durum wheat as affected by soil type. European Journal of Agronomy, 26(3): 179-186.
Moein, F., Kalantari, K., Asadi, A. and Kurd Alivand, S. 2021. Factors affecting wheat waste from the perspective of villagers in Shush. Space Economy and Rural Development, 10(36): 99-118.
Mohammadi, S., Peyghambarnejad, S. and Arefi, S. 2013. Effect of foliar urea nutrition at different developmental stages on grain yield and protein content of two rainfed wheat cultivars. Crop Research, 10: 207-213. (In Persian).
Montazar, A. and Mohseni, M. 2011. Influence of supplemental irrigation and applied nitrogen on wheat water productivity and yields. Agricultural Science, 3(1): 78-88.
Momoh, E.J., Song, W.J., Li, H.Z., and Zhou, W.J. 2004. Seed yield and quality responses of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) to plant density and nitrogen fertilization. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 74: 420-424.
Papakosta, D.K. and Gagianas, A.A. 1991. Nitrogen and dry matter accumulation, remobilization, and losses for Mediterranean wheat during grain filling. Agronomy, 83(5): 864-870.
Przulj, N. and Momcilovic, V. 2001. Genetic variation for dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation in two-rowed spring barley a. Dry matter translocation. European Journal of Agronomy, 15: 241-254.
Perez, P., Martinez‐Carrasco, R. and Puente, L.S.D.L. 1983. Uptake and distribution of nitrogen in wheat plants supplied with different amounts of nitrogen after stem elongation. Annals of Applied Biology, 102(2): 399-406.
Peltonen, J. 1993. Interaction of late season foliar spray of urea and fungicide mixture in wheat production. Agronomy and Crop Science, 170(5): 296-308.
Rabiee, M., Kavoosi, M. and Tousi kehal, P. 2010. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels and their application time on yield and yield component of repessed in paddy fields of Guilan. In: Proceedings of the 11th Iranian crop science congress, Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University, 24-26 Jul., 308-309. (In Persian).
Radmehr, M., Lotfali Ayeneh, G. and Kajbaf, A. 1997. Effect of planting date on growth and yield of plateau wheat in Khuzestan climate. The process of accumulation and redistribution of photosynthetic material. Seedling and Seed Magazine, 13(2): 22-33.
Ransom, J., Simsek, S., Schatz, B., Eriksmoen, E., Mehring, G. and Mutukwa, I. 2016. Effect of a post-anthesis foliar application of nitrogen on grain protein and milling and baking quality of spring wheat. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7(17): 2505-2514.
Sadras, V.O. and Angus, J.F. 2006. Benchmarking water-use efficiency of rainfed wheat in dry environments. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 57(8): 847-856.
Sarandon, S.J. and Gianibelli, M.C. 1990. Effect of foliar urea spraying and nitrogen application at sowing upon dry matter and nitrogen distribution in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agronomy, 10: 183-189.
Shah, A.N., Yang, G., Tanveer, M. and Iqbal, J. 2017. Leaf gas exchange, source–sink relationship, and growth response of cotton to the interactive effects of nitrogen rate and planting density. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 39(5): 1-10.
Smith, C.J., Fereney, J.R., Sherlock, R.R. and Galbally, I.E. 1991. The fate of urea nitrogen applied in foliar sprsy to wheat heading. Fertilizer Research, 28: 129-138.
Xu, Z.Z., Yu, Z.W., Wang, D. and Zhang, Y.L. 2005. Nitrogen accumulation and translocation for winter wheat under different irrigation regimes. Agronomy and Crop Science, 191(6): 439-449.
Zadoks, J.C., Chang, T.T. and Konzak, C.F. 1974. A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed research, 14(6): 415-421.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار