تأثیر سایکوسل و کودهای بیولوژیک بر عملکرد و برخی شاخصهای رشدی ‏گندم در شرایط قطع آبیاری‏

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

10.34785/J020.2022.002

چکیده

 به منظور مطالعه عملکرد و برخی شاخص­های رشدی گندم در واکنش به کاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک و سایکوسل در شرایط کم‌آبی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در طول فصل زراعی 1394-1393 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل محدودیت آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری کامل به­عنوان شاهد، قطع آبیاری در 50% مراحل سنبله دهی و آبستنی به ترتیب به­عنوان محدودیت ملایم و شدید آبی بر اساس کد 45 و 59 زادوکس)، کاربرد باکتری‌های محرک رشد در چهار سطح (عدم کاربرد به عنوان شاهد، کاربرد ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم استرین 5، سودوموناس پوتیدا استرین 186 وکاربرد توأم این دو) و محلول‌پاشی با سایکوسل در چهار سطح (عدم مصرف، کاربرد 400، 800 و1200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بود. مقایسه میانگین­ها نشان داد بالاترین عملکرد دانه (3822 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، بیوماس کل (2320 گرم در متر مربع)، سرعت رشد محصول، سرعت جذب خالص و درصد پروتئین دانه و محتوای کلروفیل در کاربرد ازتوباکتر و سودوموناس و محلول‌پاشی 1200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر سایکوسل در شرایط آبیاری کامل به دست آمد. وزن خشک ریشه در کاربرد توأم باکتری­های ازتوباکتر و سودوموناس و محلول‌پاشی 1200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر سایکوسل افزایش معنی‌داری نشان داد. محلول‌پاشی1200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر سایکوسل و تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر و سودوموناس عملکرد گندم را به­ترتیب 41/63، 90/52 و 46/62 درصد در شرایط آبیاری کامل، آبیاری در 50 درصد مرحله خوشه‌دهی و مرحله چکمه‌دهی نسبت به عدم کاربرد سایکوسل و کودهای زیستی افزایش داد. به نظر میرسد کاربرد کودهای زیستی و سایکوسل می­تواند به عنوان یک ابزار مناسب برای افزایش عملکرد گندم تحت شرایط کمبود آب باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of cycocel and biofertilizers on yield and some ‎growing indices of wheat under irrigation withholding condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Razieh Khalilzadeh 1
  • Raouf Seyed Sharifi 2
  • Jalal Jalilian 3
1 Ph.D. graduate, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 Associate professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study of yield and some growing indices of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in response to the biofertilizers and cycocel under water limitation conditions, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the research farm of faculty of agricultural sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, during 2015-2016 cropping season. Factors were water limitation at three levels (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding in 50% of heading and booting stages as moderate and severe water limitation respectively, according to 45 and 59 Zadoks code), seed inoculation with biofertilizers at four levels (without inoculation as control, seed inoculation with Azotobacter chrocoocum strain 5, Pseudomonas putida strain 186 and inoculation with Azotobacter+ Pseudomonas) and foliar application of cycocle at four levels (0, 400, 800 and 1200 mg L-1). Means comparison showed that maximum grain yield (3822 kg ha-1), total dry matter (2720 g m-2), crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, seed protein and chlorophyll content, increased due to seed inoculation with Azotobacter+ Pseudomonas and foliar application of 1200 mg L-1 cycocle under normal irrigation. The combined use of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas bacteria and foliar application of 1200 mg.L-1 showed a significant increase in root dry weight. Foliar application of 1200 mg.L-1 cycocle and seed inoculation with Azotobacter and Pseudomonas increased grain yield 63.41, 52.90 and 62.46%, respectively, at full irrigation, irrigation to 50% of heading and booting stages in comparison with no application of bio fertilizers and cycocel. Generally, it seems that the application of biofertilizers and cycocel can be a proper tool for increasing wheat yield under water limitation.  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biofertilizers
  • crop growth rate
  • protein
  • water deficit
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