بررسی اثر کم‌آبیاری و آبیاری بخشی ناحیه ریشه بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی گیاه ماش (Vigna radiate L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه علوم مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر کم آبیاری و آبیاری بخشی ناحیه ریشه بر عملکرد و خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی گیاه ماش، آزمایشی در سال 1400 به‌صورت کرت خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سه سطح آبیاری (100 (بدون تنش)، 70 (تنش متوسط) و 50 (تنش شدید) درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) به‌عنوان تیمارهای اصلی و سه روش آبیاری (معمولی، بخشی ثابت و بخشی متغیر) به‌عنوان تیمارهای فرعی بود. بالاترین میزان عملکرد دانه (37/2187 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کلروفیل کل ( mg.gFW-1 28/2) در شرایط آبیاری 100 درصد و روش آبیاری معمولی و کمترین میزان عملکرد (70/570 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کلروفیل کل ( mg.gFW-1 1/1) در تیمار تنش شدید و روش آبیاری معمولی بدست آمد. تنش آبی باعث افزایش محتوای مالون‌دی‌آلدئید (32 درصد)، کاتالاز (69 درصد) و پراکسیداز آسکوربات (63 درصد) نسبت به تیمار بدون تنش شد. در تیمار آبیاری 50 و 70 درصد، استفاده از روش آبیاری بخشی متغیر نسبت به آبیاری معمولی، سبب افزایش عملکرد، محتوای رطوبت نسبی، رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی در گیاه ماش شد. اما این اثرات در روش آبیاری بخشی ناحیه ریشه ثابت مشاهده نشد. در تنش متوسط، اعمال روش آبیاری بخشی متغیر با صرفه‌جویی در مقدار آب، عملکردی نزدیک به عملکرد شاهد از خود نشان داد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که در شرایط کم آبیاری، استفاده از آبیاری بخشی متغیر، در کاهش اثرات خشکی در گیاه ماش موثر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of deficit irrigation (RDI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD) on yield, yield components and physiological characteristics of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Naserin Rezaei 1
  • Yaser Alizadeh 2
  • Hamzeali Alizadeh 3
  • ehsan Zeidali 2
1 MS.C. student,. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture,,Ilam University. Ilam. Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University. Ilam. Iran.
3 Assistant Professor. Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University. lam. Iran
چکیده [English]

To study the effect of deficit irrigation (DI) and partial Root-Zone Drying (PRD) on yield and physiological characteristics of mungbean, a field experiment was conducted as a split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications and nine treatments at the research farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University during growing season in 2022. Treatments included three levels of deficit irrigation (100 (without stress), 70 (moderate stress) and 50% (severe stress) of field capacity) as main plots and three irrigation methods including; usual irrigation, fixed partial root-zone drying (FPRD) and alternative partial root-zone drying (APRD) as subplots. Results showed that the highest yield (2187.37 kg.ha-1) and total chlorophyll (2.28 mg.g-1fresh weigh) in the treatment without stress and usual irrigation and the lowest yield (570.70 kg.ha-1) and Total chlorophyll (1.11 mg.g-1fresh weigh) was obtained under severe stress conditions and usual irrigation method. Drought stress increased the content of malondialdehyde (32%), catalase (69%) and ascorbate peroxidase (63%) compared to non-stress conditions. In severe and moderate stress, the use of APRD compared to usual irrigation, increased yield, RWC, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant activity in mung bean plants. However, these effects were not observed in the FPRD. In moderate stress, APRD with water saving showed a yield close to that of the control treatment. The results showed that in deficit irrigation, APRD was effective in reducing the effects of drought stress in the mung bean plant.
Keywords: Antioxidants, drought stress, Chlorophyll, Proline

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidants
  • drought stress
  • Chlorophyll
  • Proline

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