ارزیابی چندساله مقاومت به زنگ قهوه‌ای در 192 ژنوتیپ گندم نان تحت شرایط مزرعه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی،دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 استاد، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

4 استاد، گروه بانک ژن، مؤسسه تحقیقات ژنتیک گیاهی و گیاهان زراعی لایبنیز (IPK)، آلمان

5 دانشیار، گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران

چکیده

عامل بیماری زنگ قهوه‌ای گندم قارچی با نام Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici می‌باشد. این پژوهش طی سال‌های 1398 الی 1400 به مدت سه سال به‌منظور بررسی مقاومت جامعه‌ای متشکل از 192 ژنوتیپ گندم نان بهاره انجام شد. بر اساس صفت سطح منحنی پیشرفت بیماری (AUDPC) در سال اول، ژنوتیپ‌ها به چهار گروه مقاوم، نیمه‎مقاوم، نیمه‌حساس و حساس، در سال دوم، به سه گروه مقاوم، نیمه‎مقاوم و نیمه‌حساس و در سال سوم به پنج گروه مقاوم، نیمه‎مقاوم، حساس، نیمه‌حساس و خیلی ‌حساس تقسیم شدند. کشت ها در هر سال در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با دو تکرار انجام شد. میانگین صفت AUDPC برای ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه در سه سال مورد پژوهش به‌ترتیب 04/154، 08/107 و 66/296 درصد در روز محاسبه شد. هم‌چنین براساس نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس در سه سال مورد آزمایش ژنوتیپ‌ها از لحاظ صفات مورد بررسی اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد داشتند. بیش‌ترین ضریب همبستگی مثبت بالای معنی‌دار به‎ترتیب بین شدت آلودگی و AUDPC (r=0.960-0.981)، شدت آلودگی و تیپ آلودگی (r=0.833-0.855) و تیپ آلودگی و AUDPC (r=0.829-0.864) مشاهده شد. بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی مقاومت به بیماری زنگ قهوه‌ای با محاسبه AUDPC و تخمین سطح مقاومت در این جمعیت متنوع گندم نان بهاره وجود اختلاف معنی‌داری برای این صفت را نشان داد که حاکی از با ارزش بودن این مواد ژنتیکی برای برنامه‌های به‌نژادی گندم نان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Multi-year evaluation of brown rust resistance in 192 bread wheat genotypes under field conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Ramroudi 1
  • Mohammad Hadi Pahlavani 2
  • Khalil Zaynali Nezhad 3
  • Andreas Boerner 4
  • Mohsen Ibrahimi 5
1 1. Ph.D. student, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Leibniz, Germany
5 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht,, Iran
چکیده [English]

wheat brown rust is caused by Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici. This research was conducted in three years from 2019 to 2021 to investigate the resistance of 192 spring bread wheat cultivars to brown rust. Based on the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) criteria, in the first year, the genotypes were grouped into resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible; in the second year, they grouped into resistant, moderately resistant, and moderately susceptible, and in the third year into five groups of resistant, moderately resistant, susceptible, moderately susceptible, and highly susceptible. A complete randomized block design with two replicates was used in each year. Mean AUDPC trait for the studied cultivars in the three years was 154.04, 107.08, and 296.66% per day, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of variance in the three years showed that the genotypes are significantly different in their evaluated traits at 0.01 significant level. The highest significant positive correlation coefficient was observed between percentage severity and AUDPC (r=0.960-0.981), percentage severity and infection type (r=0.833-0.855), and infection type and AUDPC (r=0.864-0.829). Investigating the genetic diversity of resistance to brown rust disease using AUDPC and estimating the level of resistance in this population of spring bread wheat genotypes showed significant diversity among the genotypes that can be emploied in bread wheat breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Percentage severity"
  • "Correlation coefficient"
  • "Seedling resistance"
  • "Adult plant resistance"

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