استفاده از تلاقی برگشتی به کمک نشانگر برای انتقال ژن‌های مقاومت به زنگ نواری به ارقام گندم ایرانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

2 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

10.22034/plant.2024.141546.1111

چکیده

زنگ نواری (زرد)، با عامل قارچیPuccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) یکی از مهم‌ترین بیماری‌های گندم در اغلب نقاط دنیا به حساب می‌آید. کاربرد هرساله و بی‌رویه قارچ‌کش در کنار چالش آلایندگی می‌تواند مقاومت قارچ‌های بیماریزا به قارچ‌کش را نیز در پی داشته باشد. بنابراین، ایجاد مقاومت ژنتیکی مطلوب‌ترین راهکار مقابله با این بیماری است. ایجاد ارقام جدید برای جایگزینی ارقام حساس رایج نیز بسیار زمان‌‌بر است. بنابراین انتقال ژن‌های مقاومت به بیماری به ارقام رایج سریع ترین روش برای ایجاد ارقام مقاوم است.‌ در این پژوهش ژنهایYr18 و Yr29 که مؤثرترین ژن‌های مقاومت گیاه کامل هستند، با استفاده از روش تلاقی برگشتی به‌کمک نشانگر به ارقام ایرانی بهاران، رخشان، پارسی و امین منتقل شدند. چهار پروژه به‌نژادی جداگانه برای انتقال این ژن‌ها به ارقام یاد شده انجام شد. هر رقم با والدهای بخشنده Pavon/ Lalbahadur و Opata85 تلاقی داده شد. نتاج حاصل با ارقام ایرانی (والدهای تکراری) تلاقی برگشتی داده شدند. با ژنوتیپ‌یابی 30 بوته تصادفی از نتاج BC1F1در هر پروژه، ژنوتیپهای هتروزیگوت حامل ژن مقاومت با استفاده از نشانگر اختصاصی مشخص شد. سپس تلاقی برگشتی دوم با استفاده از ژنوتیپ‌های هتروزیگوت منتخب هر نشانگر صورت گرفت. در هر جمعیت لاین مقاوم در برابر زنگ نواری را می‌توان با تکرار چند نسل تلاقی برگشتی و یک نسل خودگشنی، ایجاد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Using marker-assisted backcrossing to transfer stripe rust resistance genes to Iranian wheat cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hannaneh Mirahmadi 1
  • Fatemeh Bagherzadeh 1
  • Soraya Pourtabrizi 2
  • Ali Kazemipour 3
  • Maryam Dorrani-nejad 2
  • Roohollah Abdolshahi 4
1 MSc. student, Deparment of Plant Productin and Genetic.Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, iran
2 Ph.D. graduate, Deparment of Plant Productin and Genetic.Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, iran
3 Assistant Professor, Deparment of Plant Productin and Genetic.Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, iran
4 Associate Professor, Deparment of Plant Productin and Genetic.Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, iran
چکیده [English]

Stripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most important diseases of wheat in many parts of the world. The annual and indiscriminate use of fungicides not only increases pollution but can also lead to the resistance of pathogenic fungi to these chemicals. Therefore, creating genetic resistance is the best way to deal with this disease. Due to the challenges in quickly replacing susceptible wheat cultivars, breeding cultivars with suitable levels of genetic resistance is the most efficient method to control stripe rust as a long-term strategy. In this study, the Yr18 and Yr29 genes, which are among the most effective resistance genes in adult plants, were transferred to the Iranian cultivars Baharan, Rakhshan, Parsi, and Amin using the marker-assisted backcrossing method. For each cultivar, in four separate breeding projects, crosses were made with the donor parents Pavon/Lalbahadur and Opata85. The progeny of this generation (F1), containing 50% of the genetic material of their recurrent parent, were backcrossed with the Iranian cultivars (recurrent parent) to obtain BC1F1 progeny in each population. By genotyping 30 random plants in each project, the heterozygous genotypes carrying the resistance genes were identified using specific markers, and the second backcrossing was performed. In each population, a line resistant to yellow rust can be created by repeating several generations of backcrossing and one generation of selfing.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adult plant resistance
  • Bread wheat
  • Specific marker
  • Stable resistance
  • Yellow rust

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