انتخاب هیبریدهای جدید متحمل به خشکی در آفتابگردان با استفاده از شاخص‌های تحمل به تنش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات دانه‌های روغنی، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات دانه‌های روغنی، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

10.22034/plant.2024.141534.1110

چکیده

به منظور انتخاب هیبریدهای متحمل به خشکی، 18 هیبرید جدید آفتابگردان به همراه رقم زرین در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در دو شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی در دو ایستگاه‌ تحقیقاتی (گرگان و گنبد) طی سال زراعی 1401-1400 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. بر مبنای عملکرد (عملکرد دانه و عملکرد روغن) در شرایط بدون تنش (Yp) و تنش خشکی (Ys)، شاخص‌های مختلف تحمل به تنش از قبیل شاخص تحمل به تنش (STI)، میانگین بهره‌وری (MP)، میانگین هندسی بهره‌وری (GMP)، میانگین هارمونیک (HM)، شاخص حساسیت به تنش (SSI) و شاخص تحمل (TOL) محاسبه شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب نشان داد که اثر محیط بیشترین درصد از کل تغییرات داده را توجیه کرد. تحلیل همبستگی بین عملکرد در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی و شاخص های تحمل به تنش نشان داد که شاخص‌های HM، MP، GMP و STI و به طور ویژه شاخص STI به عنوان مناسب‌ترین شاخص برای گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به خشکی در آفتابگردان شناخته شد. همبستگی بین عملکرد روغن در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی در سطح احتمال 5 درصد معنی‌دار بود. نمودارهای سه بعدی بر مبنای شاخص STI و عملکرد در شرایط بودن تنش و تنش خشکی نشان داد که هیبریدهای H16، H10، H2، H4 و H1 از عملکرد مطلوبی در هردو شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی برخوردار بودند و به عنوان متحمل‌ترین ژنوتیپ‌ها نسبت به تنش خشکی انتخاب شدند. بنابراین، می‌توان از این هیبریدها برای انجام آزمایشات بیشتر از جمله آزمایشات سازگاری در مناطق گرم مرطوب استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Selection of new drought tolerant hybrids in sunflower using stress tolerance indices

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Gholizadeh 1
  • Mehdi Ghaffari 2
  • Hossein Ahmadi-Ochtapeh 1
  • Farnaz Shariati 3
1 Assistant Professor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Oil Crops Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Oil Crops Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to select drought-tolerant hybrids, 18 new sunflower hybrids with ZARIN cultivar were evaluated in a randomized complete block design in non-stressed and drought-stressed conditions in two experimental field stations (Gorgan and Gonbad) during  2021-2022 cropping season. Based on yield (seed yield and oil yield) in non-stress (Yp) and drought stress (Ys), various stress tolerance indices such as stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HM), Stress susceptibility index (SSI) and tolerance index (TOL) were calculated. The results of combined analysis indicated that the environmental effect justified the largest percentage of all data variations. Correlation analysis between drought tolerance indices with non-stressed and drought-stressed yields showed that HM, MP, GMP and STI indices and especially STI index were recognized as the most suitable indices for selecting drought tolerant genotypes in sunflower. The correlation between oil yield under non-stressed and drought-stressed was significant at the 5% probability level. Three-dimensional diagrams based on STI index and yield in non-stress and drought stress conditions showed that H16, H10, H2, H4 and H1 hybrids had good performance in both non-stress and drought stress conditions and were selected as the most tolerant genotypes to drought stress. Therefore, these hybrids can be used for further testing, including adaptation tests in warm wet areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sunflower
  • Correlation analysis
  • Oil yield
  • Three-dimensional diagrams

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