اثر کود دامی و تاریخ کشت بر کارایی جذب و مصرف نیتروژن گیاه دارویی بومادران (Achillea millefolium L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

10.22034/plant.2024.141110.1095

چکیده

تاریخ کشت مطلوب یکی از عوامل مهم برای به حداکثر رساندن عملکرد است. گرچه کودهای شیمیایی عناصر مورد نیاز گیاه را سریع‌تر در اختیار گیاهان قرار می‌دهند، اما برای افزایش کیفیت گیاهان دارویی و معطر استفاده از کودهای آلی بهتر است. لذا هدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت و مقادیر مختلف کود دامی بر کارایی زراعی نیتروژن، کارایی جذب نیتروژن، کارایی فیزیولوژیک مصرفی نیتروژن، شاخص برداشت نیتروژن و عملکرد دانه بود که به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1400 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کود دامی به‌عنوان عامل اصلی (صفر، 10، 20 و 30 تن در هکتار) و تاریخ کاشت (15 فروردین، 4 اردیبهشت و 24 اردیبهشت) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بود. نتایج نشان داد که تاریخ کاشت، کود دامی و برهمکنش آن‌ها اثر معنی‌داری بر تمام صفات مورد مطالعه داشت. با افزایش میزان کاربرد کود دامی از صفر تن در هکتار به 30 تن در هکتار، کارایی جذب نیتروژن 23/50 درصد، کارایی زراعی نیتروژن 55/54 درصد، کارایی فیزیولوژیک نیتروژن 16/73 درصد کاهش یافت و نیز شاخص برداشت نیتروژن با کاهش 65/61 درصدی همراه بود. به‌طور کلی کاربرد کود دامی از صفر به 30 تن در هکتار و تاریخ کاشت ابتدای فصل می‌تواند به عملکرد دانه بالا و استفاده کارآمد از نیتروژن در این گیاه دارویی کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Farmyard Manure and Sowing Date on Nitrogen Capture and Use Efficiency of Medicinal Plant Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farzad Mondani 1
  • Maryam Darabi 2
  • Masoomeh Amerian 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 MSc. student, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Optimum sowing date is very important and it is one of the important factors for maximizing yield production. Although chemical fertilizers provide plant nutrients faster, to increase the quality of products, especially medicinal and aromatic plants, the use of organic fertilizers is better. The purpose of this research was to Investigate the effect of planting date and different amounts of farmyard manure on nitrogen crop efficiency, nitrogen absorption efficiency, nitrogen utilization physiological efficiency, nitrogen harvesting index and seed yield The experiment was carried out in the form of split plots based on a completely randomized block design in three replications in the research farm Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University in 2021. Experimental treatments included farmyard manure as the main factor (0, 10, 20, and 30 ton ha-1) and sowing date (April 4, April 24, and May 14) as a sub factor. The results showed that sowing date, farmyard manure and their interaction had a significant effect on all evaluated traits. The increase in farmyard manure decreased nitrogen capture efficiency (NCE), nitrogen physiological efficiency (NUE), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (ANUE) and nitrogen harvesting index (NHI). By increasing farmyard manure application from 0 to 30 ton ha-1, NCE, ANUE, NUE and NHI decreased 50.23, 54.55, 73.16 and 61.65, respectively. Based on the results, the sowing date of April 4th, accompanied by the application of 30 ton ha-1 of farmyard manure, was the best treatment in this experiment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrogen productivity
  • Nitrogen harvesting index
  • Nitrogen physiological efficiency
  • Seed yield

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