اثر خاک‌ورزی بر انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای در سیستم های تولید گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) و نخود (Cicer arietinum) دیم تحت شرایط اقلیمی منطقه کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو ی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

10.22034/plant.2024.141703.1114

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی میزان مصرف انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای در سیستم‌های خاک‌ورزی گندم و نخود دیم در سال زراعی 1400 در منطقه کرمانشاه انجام شد. میزان نهاده های مصرفی بر مبنای عملیات کشاورزی در مزارع گندم و نخود از مرحله کاشت تا برداشت محاسبه شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها در سه شامل انرژی‌های ورودی، خروجی و پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی ناشی از انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای بود. نتایج نشان داد کل انرژی ورودی در سیستم‌های خاک‌ورزی رایج، کم‌خاک‌ورزی و بی‌خاک‌ورزی گندم به‌ترتیب، 13845، 9717 و 8671 مگاژول در هکتار و برای نخود به‌ترتیب، 7009، 5256 و 4470 مگاژول در هکتار بود. کارایی مصرف انرژی در خاک‌ورزی رایج، کم‌خاک‌ورزی و بی‌خاک‌ورزی گندم به‌ترتیب، 2/3، 9/4 و 1/5 و برای نخود به‌ترتیب، 6/2، 8/2 و 9/3 بود. بیشترین میزان پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی در مزارع گندم و نخود در خاک‌ورزی رایج به‌ترتیب، 8/106 و 1/96 کیلوگرم معادل دی‌اکسید کرین در هکتار بود. در خاک‌ورزی رایج گندم میزان انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن ناشی از مصرف سوخت‌های فسیلی حدود 9/184 درصد بیش‌تر از کم خاک‌ورزی و 8/223 درصد بیش‌تر از بی‌خاک‌ورزی بود. در خاک‌ورزی رایج نخود به علت مصرف سوخت‌های فسیلی انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن به‌ترتیب، 2/43 و 2/81 درصد نسبت به کم‌خاک‌ورزی و بی‌خاک‌ورزی بالاتر بود. صرفنظر از نوع محصول انتشار گاز اکسید نیتروژن در اثر مصرف سوخت‌های فسیلی در خاک‌ورزی رایج به‌ترتیب، 2/43 و 0/80 درصد بیشتر از کم‌خاک‌ورزی و بی‌خاک‌ورزی بود. بطورکلی نتایج نشان داد خاک‌ورزی رایج دارای کمترین کارایی انرژی و بالاترین میزان پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی در مقایسه با دیگر سیستم-ها بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of tillage on greenhouse gas emissions in dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) production systems under climatic conditions of Kermanshah region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farzaneh Angazi 1
  • Farzad Mondani 2
  • Mokhtar Ghobadi 2
  • Mohammad Yousefi 3
1 MSc. student , Department of Plant Production and Genetics ‎Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics ‎Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Ph. D. graduated, Department of Plant Production and Genetics ‎Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating amount of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in dryland wheat and chickpea tillage systems in Kermanshah region during 2022. The amount of consumed inputs was calculated based on agronomy operations from sowing to harvesting. The data analysis was calculated in three steps including energy input, energy output and global warming potential due to emission of greenhouse gases. Results showed total energy input in conventional, minimum and no tillage systems of wheat were 13845, 9717 and 8671 Mj ha-1, respectively, and for chickpea were 7009, 5256 and 4470 Mj ha-1, respectively. Energy use efficiency for conventional, minimum and no tillage systems of wheat were 3.2, 4.9 and 5.1, and for chickpea were 2.6, 2.8 and 3.9, respectively. The highest amount of global warming potential in wheat and chickpea farms in conventional tillage were 106.8 and 96.1 kg CO2 eq ha-1, respectively. In conventional wheat tillage amount of CO2 due to consumption of fossil fuels was about 184.9% more than minimum tillage and 223.8% more than no tillage. Due to consumption of fossil fuels, emission of CO2 in conventional tillage of chickpea compared to minimum tillage and no tillage were 43.2% and 81.2%, respectively. Regardless of crops, emission of N2O due to consumption of fossil fuels in conventional tillage were 43.2 and 80.0% higher than minimum and no tillage, respectively. Generally, the results showed conventional tillage had the lowest energy efficiency and the highest global warming potential compared to other studied systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Renewable energy
  • direct energy
  • energy use efficiency
  • global warming

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