اثر بیوچار و نانوذرات اکسید منیزیم بر کیفیت روغن و ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی گلرنگ در شرایط تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

10.22034/plant.2024.142398.1132

چکیده

مقدمه: گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L.) یکی از منابع مهم روغن گیاهی است که تحت تنش شوری، کاهش معنی‌دار در عملکرد دانه و تغییر ترکیب اسیدهای چرب روغن را تجربه می‌کند. در سال‌های اخیر، استفاده از اصلاح‌کننده‌های خاک مانند بیوچار و کاربرد نانوذرات فلزی به‌عنوان راهبردهای نوین مدیریتی برای کاهش اثرات تنش‌های محیطی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی اثرات انفرادی و ترکیبی بیوچار و نانوذرات اکسید منیزیم بر رشد، سیستم‌های دفاع آنتی‌اکسیدانی، تولید دانه و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب گلرنگ تحت سطوح مختلف شوری انجام شد.
مواد و روش‎‌ها: این مطالعه به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی (CRD) با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه در سال 1401  اجرا شد. فاکتور اول تنش شوری با سه سطح صفر، 50 و 100 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم و فاکتور دوم شامل چهار تیمار محرک رشد (شاهد، بیوچار، 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانواکسید منیزیم و ترکیب بیوچار + نانوذرات اکسید منیزیم) بود.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که افزایش شوری موجب کاهش معنی‌دار ارتفاع گیاه، عملکرد دانه، درصد و عملکرد روغن گلرنگ شد، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین کاهش در سطح 100 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم مشاهده گردید. همزمان، افزایش معنی‌دار مالون‌دی‌آلدئید و پراکسید هیدروژن نشان‌دهنده تشدید تنش اکسیداتیو و پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی در شرایط شوری بود که بیانگر آسیب به غشاهای سلولی و اختلال در پایداری ساختارهای زیستی است. با این حال، کاربرد بیوچار و نانوذرات اکسید منیزیم، به‌ویژه به‌صورت ترکیبی، توانست این اثرات منفی را به‌طور قابل توجهی تعدیل کند. در شرایط شوری ملایم (50 میلی‌مولار)، تیمار ترکیبی موجب افزایش محتوای فنل (7/109 درصد) و فلاونوئید (9/123 درصد) نسبت به شاهد شد که نشان‌دهنده تقویت سیستم دفاع غیرآنزیمی گیاه است. همچنین، افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی شامل سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (4/130 درصد)، گایاکول پراکسیداز (3/116درصد) و پراکسیداز (648 درصد) بیانگر فعال‌سازی مؤثر سیستم دفاع آنزیمی در مقابله با گونه‌های فعال اکسیژن بود. علاوه­بر این، کاهش معنی‌دار MDA و H₂O₂ در تیمار ترکیبی نسبت به شاهد، نشان داد که هم‌افزایی بیوچار و نانوذرات اکسید منیزیم توانسته است از پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی جلوگیری کرده و یکپارچگی غشاها را حفظ کند. از نظر عملکردی، بیشترین تولید دانه و روغن در شرایط بدون تنش و با تیمار ترکیبی مشاهده شد که نسبت به تنش شدید بدون محرک­های رشد به‌ترتیب 3/101 و 5/196 درصد افزایش نشان داد. بهبود ترکیب اسیدهای چرب، به‌ویژه افزایش لینولئیک (2/74 درصد) و لینولنیک اسید (5/93 درصد)، بیانگر حفظ مسیرهای بیوسنتزی اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع در شرایط بهبود یافته تغذیه‌ای و کاهش تنش اکسیداتیو است. از آنجا که شوری معمولاً موجب کاهش اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع و کاهش کیفیت روغن می‌شود، بهبود این شاخص‌ها در تیمار ترکیبی حاکی از اثر حفاظتی این رویکرد بر متابولیسم لیپیدی است.
نتیجه‌‎گیری: استفاده هم‌زمان از بیوچار و نانوذرات اکسید منیزیم توانست اثرات منفی تنش شوری بر رشد، عملکرد و کیفیت روغن گلرنگ را به‌طور قابل توجهی کاهش دهد. این تیمار علاوه بر ارتقای صفات عملکردی، کیفیت روغن را از طریق افزایش اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع بهبود داد. بنابراین، ترکیب بیوچار و نانوذرات اکسید منیزیم می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک راهکار مدیریتی مؤثر برای تولید پایدار گلرنگ در اراضی شور مورد استفاده قرار گیرد و توسعه فناوری‌های نوین مبتنی بر اصلاح‌کننده‌های آلی و نانوکودها را برای افزایش تحمل گیاه به تنش شوری ممکن سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of biochar and magnesium oxide nanoparticles on oil quality and biochemical characteristics of safflower under salinity stress conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Haghaninia 1
  • ali najafifar 1
  • Freidoon Soleimani 1
  • amir Mirzaei 1
  • Abdollah Javanmard 2
1 Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Ilam Province, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ilam, Iran
2 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh,, Maragheh, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a key oilseed crop widely grown in semi-arid regions, where soil salinity is a major obstacle to productivity and oil quality. Recently, the use of soil amendments such as biochar and metal-based nanoparticles has gained popularity as an innovative approach to reducing environmental stresses in sustainable agriculture. Thus, this study aimed to assess both the individual and combined impacts of biochar and MgO-NPs on growth performance, antioxidant defense systems, seed yield, and fatty acid composition of safflower across salinity levels.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a factorial trial using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications at the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Iran in 2022. The first factor included salinity stress at three levels (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl), while the second factor involved four growth-promoting treatments: control (no amendment), biochar, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (100 mg/L), and the combined application of biochar plus MgO-NPs.
Results: Salinity stress notably decreased plant height, seed yield, oil percentage, and oil yield, with the largest reductions seen at 100 mM NaCl. Simultaneously, significant increases in MDA and H₂O₂ were observed under saline conditions, indicating heightened ROS accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation, which reflect structural damage to cellular membranes and metabolic issues. In contrast, applying biochar and MgO-NPs, especially together, significantly alleviated salinity-related damage. Under moderate salinity (50 mM NaCl), the combined treatment increased total phenolic and flavonoid contents by 109.7% and 123.9%, respectively, compared to the untreated control, suggesting activation of the non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system. Similarly, activities of superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, and peroxidase increased by 130.4%, 116.3%, and 648%, respectively, demonstrating strong activation of enzymatic ROS-scavenging processes. The notable decrease in MDA and H₂O₂ levels with the combined treatment further confirmed its effectiveness in reducing oxidative damage and maintaining membrane stability. The excellent performance of the combined approach likely resulted from complementary mechanisms. Biochar enhanced soil structure, improved nutrient retention, and lowered Na⁺ bioavailability in the rhizosphere, while MgO-NPs supplied bioavailable magnesium crucial for chlorophyll stability, ATP-driven metabolic functions, and activation of antioxidant enzymes. From an agricultural perspective, the highest seed and oil yields were observed under non-saline conditions with the combined amendment, showing increases of 101.3% and 196.5%, respectively, compared to severe salinity without growth-promoting treatments. Additionally, linoleic and linolenic acid contents rose by 74.2% and 93.5%, respectively, under the combined treatment, indicating the preservation of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathways despite improved nutritional and oxidative conditions. Since salinity often decreases the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids and harms oil quality, these results emphasize the protective effect of the combined amendment in maintaining lipid metabolism.
Conclusion: The combined use of biochar and magnesium oxide nanoparticles effectively reduced the harmful effects of salinity stress on safflower growth, yield, and oil quality. In addition to enhancing agronomic traits, this integrated treatment improved oil quality by increasing the amount of unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, the co-application of biochar and magnesium oxide nanoparticles can be considered a valuable management strategy for sustainable safflower production in saline soils and may foster the development of organic soil amendments and nano-fertilizer technologies aimed at boosting plant tolerance to salinity stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Abiotic stresses
  • Flavonoids
  • Fatty acids
  • Nanoparticlesو Sustainable agriculture

مراجع

Abd El-Hameid, A. R., & Sadak, M. S. (2020). Impact of glutathione on enhancing sunflower growth and biochemical aspects and yield to alleviate salinity stress. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 29, 101744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101744
Ahmad, M., Rafique, M. I., Akanji, M. A., Al-Wabel, M. I., Al-Swadi, H. A., & Al-Farraj, A. S. (2023). Silica modified biochar mitigates the adverse effects of salt and drought stress and improves safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) growth. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 23(1), 172-192.              https://doi.org 10.1007/s11368-022-03323-8
Akbari, G. A., Heshmati, S., Soltani, E., & Amini Dehaghi, M. (2020). Influence of seed priming on seed yield, oil content and fatty acid composition of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) grown under water deficit. International Journal of Plant Production, 14, 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42106-019-00081-5
Alexieva, V., Sergiev, I., Mapelli, S., & Karanov, E. (2001). The effect of drought and ultraviolet radiation on growth and stress markers in pea and wheat. Plant, Cell & Environment, 24(12), 1337-1344.
Alharbi, K., & Alaklabi, A. (2022). Alleviation of salinity induced growth and photosynthetic decline in wheat due to biochar and jasmonic acid application involves up-regulation of ascorbate-glutathione pathway, glyoxylase system and secondary metabolite accumulation. Rhizosphere, 24, 100603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2022.100603
Ali, S., Ulhassan, Z., Ali, S., Kaleem, Z., Yousaf, M. A., Sheteiwy, M. S., & Zhou, W. (2024a). Differential responses of Brassica napus cultivars to dual effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(8), 12446-12466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-31977-z
Ali, S., Ulhassan, Z., Shahbaz, H., Kaleem, Z., Yousaf, M. A., Ali, S., & Zhou, W. (2024b). Application of magnesium oxide nanoparticles as a novel sustainable approach to enhance crop tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Environmental Science: Nano, 11(8), 3250-3267. https://doi.org/ 10.1039/D4EN00417E
Alizadeh, M. M., Gerami, M., Majidian, P., & Ghorbani, H. R. (2024). The potential application of biochar and salicylic acid to alleviate salt stress in soybean (Glycine max L.). Heliyon, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26677
Amirfakhrian, Z., Abdossi, V., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Weisany, W., & Ghanbari Jahromi, M. (2024). Co-applied magnesium nanoparticles and biochar modulate salinity stress via regulating yield, biochemical attribute, and fatty acid profile of Physalis alkekengi L. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(22), 31806-31817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33329-3
Anand, K. V., Anugraga, A. R., Kannan, M., Singaravelu, G., & Govindaraju, K. (2020). Bio-engineered magnesium oxide nanoparticles as nano-priming agent for enhancing seed germination and seedling vigour of green gram (Vigna radiata L.). Materials Letters, 271, 127792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.127792
Azeem, M., Pirjan, K., Qasim, M., Mahmood, A., Javed, T., Muhammad, H., & Rahimi, M. (2023). Salinity stress improves antioxidant potential by modulating physio-biochemical responses in Moringa oleifera Lam. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 2895. https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-023-29954-6
Beauchamp, C., & Fridovich, I. (1971). Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry, 44, 276–287.
Chang, C. C., Yang, M. H., Wen, H. M., & Chern, J. C. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10(3), 178-182.
Faiz, S., Yasin, N. A., Khan, W. U., Shah, A. A., Akram, W., Ahmad, A., & Riaz, L. (2022). Role of magnesium oxide nanoparticles in the mitigation of lead-induced stress in Daucus carota: modulation in polyamines and antioxidant enzymes. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 24(4), 364-372. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/15226514.2021.1949263
Faizan, M., Bhat, J. A., Chen, C., Alyemeni, M. N., Wijaya, L., Ahmad, P., & Yu, F. (2021). Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) induce salt tolerance by improving the antioxidant system and photosynthetic machinery in tomato. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 161, 122-130.
Farhangi-Abriz, S., & Ghassemi-Golezani, K. (2021). Changes in soil properties and salt tolerance of safflower in response to biochar-based metal oxide nanocomposites of magnesium and manganese. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 211, 111904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111904
Geng, G., Cakmak, I., Ren, T., Lu, Z., & Lu, J. (2021). Effect of magnesium fertilization on seed yield, seed quality, carbon assimilation and nutrient uptake of rapeseed plants. Field Crops Research, 264, 108082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108082
Ghaedi, M., Bijanzadeh, E., Behpouri, A., & Najafi-Ghiri, M. (2024). Biochar application affected biochemical properties, yield and nutrient content of safflower under water stress. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 20228.
Ghassemi-Golezani, K., & Farhangi-Abriz, S. (2018). Changes in oil accumulation and fatty acid composition of soybean seeds under salt stress in response to salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 65, 229-236. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443718020115
Ghassemi-Golezani, K., & Farhangi-Abriz, S. (2021). Biochar-based metal oxide nanocomposites of magnesium and manganese improved root development and productivity of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under salt stress. Rhizosphere, 19, 100416. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.rhisph.2021.100416
Gogna, M., Choudhary, A., Mishra, G., Kapoor, R., & Bhatla, S. C. (2020). Changes in lipid composition in response to salt stress and its possible interaction with intracellular Na+-K+ ratio in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany, 178, 104147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104147
Hadia, E., Slama, A., Romdhane, L., Cheikh M’Hamed, H., Fahej, M. A. S., & Radhouane, L. (2023). Seed priming of bread wheat varieties with growth regulators and nutrients improves salt stress tolerance particularly for the local genotype. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 42(1), 304-318. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00344-021-10548-3
Haghaninia, M., Javanmard, A., Kahrizi, D., Bahadori, M. B., & Machiani, M. A. (2024a). Optimizing oil quantity and quality of camelina (Camelina sativa L.) with integrative application of chemical, nano and bio-fertilizers under supplementary irrigation and rainfed condition. Plant Stress, 11, 100374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stress.2024.100374
Haghaninia, M., Javanmard, A., Radicetti, E., Rasouli, F., Ruiz-Lozano, J. M., & Sabbatini, P. (2024b). Adoption of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar for alleviating the agro-physiological response of lavander (Lavandula angustifolia L.) subjected to drought stress. Plant Stress, 12, 100461. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100461
Haghaninia, M., Rasouli, F., Javanmard, A., Mahdavinia, G., Azizi, S., Nicoletti, R., Murariu, O.C., Tallarita, A.V. and Caruso, G., )2024c(. Improvement of physiological features and essential oil content of Thymus vulgaris after soil amendment with chitosan nanoparticles under chromium toxicity. Horticulturae, 10(6), 659. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060659
Hasanuzzaman, M., Raihan, M. R. H., Khojah, E., Samra, B. N., Fujita, M., & Nahar, K. (2021). Biochar and chitosan regulate antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification systems and enhance salt tolerance in jute (Corchorus olitorius L.). Antioxidants, 10(12), 2017. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10122017
Heath, R.L., & Packer, L. (1968). Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125(1), 189-198.
Helaoui, S., Boughattas, I., Mkhinini, M., Ghazouani, H., Jabnouni, H., El Kribi-Boukhris, S., & Banni, M. (2023). Biochar application mitigates salt stress on maize plant: Study of the agronomic parameters, photosynthetic activities and biochemical attributes. Plant Stress, 9, 100182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stress.2023.100182
Ibrahim, M. E. H., Ali, A. Y. A., Elsiddig, A. M. I., Zhou, G., Nimir, N. E. A., Ahmad, I., & Salih, E. G. I. (2020). Biochar improved sorghum germination and seedling growth under salinity stress. Agronomy Journal, 112(2), 911-920. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20026
In ByungChun, I. B., Motomura, S., Inamoto, K., Doi, M., & Mori, G. (2007). Multivariate analysis of relations between preharvest environmental factors, postharvest morphological and physiological factors, and vase life of cut'Asami Red'roses. 66-72.
Jam, B. J., Shekari, F., Andalibi, B., Fotovat, R., Jafarian, V., Najafi, J., & Mastinu, A. (2023). Impact of silicon foliar application on the growth and physiological traits of Carthamus tinctorius L. exposed to salt stress. Silicon, 15(3), 1235-1245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-022-02090-y
Khademian, R., Asghari, B., Sedaghati, B., & Yaghoubian, Y. (2019). Plant beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms (PBRMs) mitigate deleterious effects of salinity in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): Physio-biochemical properties, fatty acids composition and secondary metabolites content. Industrial Crops and Products, 136, 129-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.05.002
Khanchi, S., Hashemi Khabir, S. H., Hashemi Khabir, S. H., Golmoghani Asl, R., & Rahimzadeh, S. (2024). The role of magnesium oxide foliar sprays in enhancing mint (Mentha crispa L.) tolerance to cadmium stress. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 14823. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-65853-0
Kiani, H., Khalesro, S., Mokhatssi-Bidgoli, A., & Sharifi, Z. (2024). Biochar and conservation tillage affect the agronomic performance and fatty acid composition of Nigella sativa L. under both irrigated and dryland conditions. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 2648. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52425-5
Liu, Y., Cao, X., Yue, L., Wang, C., Tao, M., Wang, Z., & Xing, B. (2022). Foliar-applied cerium oxide nanomaterials improve maize yield under salinity stress: Reactive oxygen species homeostasis and rhizobacteria regulation. Environmental Pollution, 299, 118900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118900
Mahmoud, A. W. M., Samy, M. M., Sany, H., Eid, R. R., Rashad, H. M., & Abdeldaym, E. A. (2022). Nanopotassium, nanosilicon, and biochar applications improve potato salt tolerance by modulating photosynthesis, water status, and biochemical constituents. Sustainability, 14(2), 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020723.
Mohamed, I. A., Shalby, N., MA El-Badri, A., Saleem, M. H., Khan, M. N., A. Nawaz, M., & Zhou, G. (2020). Stomata and xylem vessels traits improved by melatonin application contribute to enhancing salt tolerance and fatty acid composition of Brassica napus L. plants. Agronomy, 10(8), 1186. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081186
Mukhopadhyay, R., Sarkar, B., Jat, H. S., Sharma, P. C., & Bolan, N. S. (2021). Soil salinity under climate change: Challenges for sustainable agriculture and food security. Journal of Environmental Management, 280, 111736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111736
Mustafa, G., Chaudhari, S. K., Manzoor, M., Batool, S., Hatami, M., & Hasan, M. (2024). Zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated salinity stress mitigation in Pisum sativum: a physio-biochemical perspective. BMC Plant Biology, 24(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05554-y
Najafi-Ghiri, M., Bijanzadeh, E., & Bahadori, F. (2022). Effect of wheat-derived biochar on soil nutrients availability and nutrients uptake by two safflowers (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars under water stress. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 53(13), 1592-1606. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00103624.2022.2060251.
Nakano, Y., & Asada, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidasein spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology, 22(5): 867-875.
Nasiri, S., Andalibi, B., Tavakoli, A., Delavar, M. A., El-Keblawy, A., Zwieten, L. V., & Mastinu, A. (2023). The Mineral Biochar Alters the Biochemical and Microbial Properties of the Soil and the Grain Yield of Hordeum vulgare L. under Drought Stress. Land, 12(3), 559. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12030559
Noreen, S., Sultan, M., Akhter, M. S., Shah, K. H., Ummara, U., Manzoor, H., & Ahmad, P. (2021). Foliar fertigation of ascorbic acid and zinc improves growth, antioxidant enzyme activity and harvest index in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under salt stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 158, 244-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.007
Ojagh, S. E., & Moaveni, P. (2022). Foliar-applied magnesium nanoparticles modulate drought stress through changes in physio-biochemical attributes and essential oil profile of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(39), 59374-59384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19559-3
Rehman, H., Alharby, H. F., Alzahrani, Y., & Rady, M. M. (2018). Magnesium and organic biostimulant integrative application induces physiological and biochemical changes in sunflower plants and its harvested progeny on sandy soil. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 126, 97-105. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.02.031
Seleiman, M. F., Refay, Y., Al-Suhaibani, N., Al-Ashkar, I., El-Hendawy, S., & Hafez, E. M. (2019). Integrative effects of rice-straw biochar and silicon on oil and seed quality, yield and physiological traits of Helianthus annuus L. grown under water deficit stress. Agronomy, 9(10), 637.
Shaki, F., Maboud, H. E., & Niknam, V. (2018). Growth enhancement and salt tolerance of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), by salicylic acid. Current Plant Biology, 13, 16-22. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cpb.2018.04.001
Shaki, F., Maboud, H. E., & Niknam, V. (2019). Effects of salicylic acid on hormonal cross talk, fatty acids profile, and ions homeostasis from salt-stressed safflower. Journal of plant Interactions, 14(1), 340-346. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2019.1635660
Sharavdorj, K., Byambadorj, S. O., Jang, Y., & Cho, J. W. (2022). Application of magnesium and calcium sulfate on growth and physiology of forage crops under long-term salinity stress. Plants, 11(24), 3576. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243576.
Shukla, K., Khanam, R., Biswas, J. K., & Srivastava, S. (2023). Zinc oxide nanoparticles in combination with biochar alleviate arsenic accumulation in field grown rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop. Rhizosphere, 27, 100764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2023.100764
Singleton, V. L., & Rossi, J. A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16(3), 144-158. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1965.16.3.144
Soliman, M. H., Alnusairi, G. S., Khan, A. A., Alnusaire, T. S., Fakhr, M. A., Abdulmajeed, A. M., & Najeeb, U. (2023). Biochar and selenium nanoparticles induce water transporter genes for sustaining carbon assimilation and grain production in salt-stressed wheat. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 42(3), 1522-1543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10636-y
Sotoodehnia-Korani, S., Iranbakhsh, A., Ebadi, M., Majd, A., & Oraghi-Ardebili, Z. (2023). Efficacy of magnesium nanoparticles in modifying growth, antioxidant activity, nitrogen status, and expression of wrky1 and bzip transcription factors in pepper (Capsicum annuum); an in vitro biological assessment. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 70(3), 39. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443723600186
Wang, Z., Hassan, M. U., Nadeem, F., Wu, L., Zhang, F., & Li, X. (2020). Magnesium fertilization improves crop yield in most production systems: a meta-analysis. Frontiers in plant science, 10, 495191. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fpls.2019.01727
Wu, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, L., Zheng, Y., Liu, X., & Zhang, Y. (2023). The critical role of biochar to mitigate the adverse impacts of drought and salinity stress in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1163451. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1163451
Yasmin, H., Mazher, J., Azmat, A., Nosheen, A., Naz, R., Hassan, M. N., & Ahmad, P. (2021). Combined application of zinc oxide nanoparticles and biofertilizer to induce salt resistance in safflower by regulating ion homeostasis and antioxidant defence responses. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 218, 112262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112262
Zhang, Y., Ding, J., Wang, H., Su, L., & Zhao, C. (2020). Biochar addition alleviate the negative effects of drought and salinity stress on soybean productivity and water use efficiency. BMC Plant Biology, 20, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-020-02493-2
تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی
دوره 7، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 11
اردیبهشت 1405
صفحه 45-62

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار