بررسی صفات مورفولوژیک و عملکرد کمی و کیفی گل گندم Centaurea cyanus در رویشگاه‌های مختلف

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و محصوالت فرعی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

10.22034/plant.2025.142802.1141

چکیده

برای مطالعه سه جمعیت گل‌گندم در سه رویشگاه بناب، ارلان و گلجار در استان آذربایجان شرقی، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سال 1400 در سه تکرار انجام شد. تجزیه‌واریانس نشان داد که تأثیر جمعیت بر قطرساقه در سطح احتمال 5% و بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد گل در بوته، طول و عرض برگ، تعداد شاخه‌های جانبی و عملکرد‌ماده‌خشک در سطح احتمال 1% معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته از جمعیت بناب و کمترین آن از جمعیت ارلان بدست آمد. بیشرین قطرساقه و تعداد گل در بوته در منطقه بناب بدست آمد. طول وعرض برگ در جمعیت ارلان در مقایسه با جمعیت بناب به ترتیب 44 و 50درصد بیشتر بود. جمعیت ارلان با 67/696 گرم در مترمربع بیشترین وزن‌خشک را تولید کرد که 58% نسبت به جمعیت بناب بیشتر بود. محتوای اسانس در سطح احتمال 5% معنی‌دار شد و در منطقه بناب بیشترین مقدار را داشت. بیشترین و کمترین میزان کلروفیلa ، b و کلروفیل کل بترتیب درجمعیت‌های گلجار و بناب مشاهده گردید. در منطقه بناب بیشترین میزان آنتوسیانین گل و در منطقه گلجار بیشترین میزان آنتوسیانین برگ مشاهده شد. بیشترین ارتفاع از سطح دریا گلجار با 1770متر ،بیشترین میزان کلروفیلa ، b و کل، کاروتنوئید و آنتوسیانین برگ را تولید کردند و کمترین ارتفاع از سطح دریا در ارلان، کمترین میزان آنتوسیانین برگ و گل را تولید کرد. در مجموع جمعیت بناب و گلجار به سبب داشتن بیشترین میزان اسانس و آنتوسیانین به عنوان جمعیت‌های برتر معرفی می‌شوند که تولید ارقامی با خصوصیات زراعی مطلوب را امکان‌پذیر می‌سازند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the morphological traits and quantitative and qualitative yield of cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) in different habitats

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Yousefzade 1
  • Faezeh Daryaei 2
1 Associate professor, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant professor, Medicinal Plants and By-products Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

To study of three cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) populations of Bonab, Erlan and Goljar in East Azerbaijan province, an experiment was conducted in completely randomized design on 2021 with three replications. Results showed that population effect on stem diameter at 5% and on plant height, number of flowers per plant, leaf length and width, number of lateral branches and drymatter yield at 1% probability level was significant. The highest plant height was obtained from Bonab population and the lowest from Erlan ones. The highest stem diameter and number of flowers per plant were obtained in Bonab region. Leaf length and width were 44% and 50% higher, respectively, in Erlan compared to Bonab population. The most drymatter yield (696.67 g/m2) was produced in Erlan population which was 58% more than Bonab. The highest essential oil percent was found in Bonab region. The highest and lowest levels of chlorophyll a, b and total were observed in Goljar and Bonab populations, respectively. The highest amount of anthocyanin was observed in flowers at Bonab, and in leaves at Goljar. The highest amount of chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoid and anthocyanin in leaves were produced in Guljar with 1770, while the lowest amount of leaf and flower anthocyanin was found at the lowest altitude in Erlan. Ultimately, Bonab and Guljar populations are introduced as superior regions by producing the highest amount of essential oil and anthocyanins, which are the desirable traits to medicinal plant cultivations and breeding.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Altitude
  • Corn flower
  • Essential oil
  • Habitat
  • Yield

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