ارزیابی تراکم و زیست توده علف‌های هرز (Camelina sativa L.) تحت تاثیرمالچ و نیتروژن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه تولیدو ژنتیک گیاهی،دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی،دانشگاه رازی،کرمانشاه، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

10.22034/plant.2025.142918.1142

چکیده

علف­های هرز به روش­های مختلفی باعث کاهش عملکرد گیاهان زراعی می­شوند. مالچ پلاستیک یکی از راههای موثر در کاهش فشار علف­های هرز مزارع می­باشد. علف­های هرز در استفاده از عوامل محیطی نسبت به گیاهان زراعی کاراتر می­باشند. یکی از عوامل موثر بر رشد گیاهان نیتروژن می­باشد که باعث رشد سریع گیاه می­شود. هدف این تحقیق تعیین تراکم، نوع و میزان ماده خشک علف­های هرز مزرعه کاملینا تحت مالچ و نیتروژن بود.  آزمایش به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو منطقه شامل کرمانشاه (پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی) و شهرستان کنگاور (روستای سلطان آباد)اجرا شد. عامل­ها عبارت بودند از کاربرد کود نیتروژن درچهار سطح 0، 40، 80 و 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کاربرد پلاستیک (شفاف) در سه سطح (بدون پلاستیک، پلاستیک روی گیاه و پلاستیک روی خاک). نتایج نشان داد که مالچ پلاستیک اثر کنترل کنندگی بر تراکم و زیست توده علف‌های هرز دارد. مالچ پلاستیک روی خاک نسبت‌به مالچ پلاستیک روی گیاه تراکم و زیست توده علف‌های هرز کاملینارا با شدت بیشتری کاهش داد. زمانی که نیتروژن مصرف نشد، استفاده از مالچ روی خاک نسبت به مالچ روی گیاه باعث کاهش 70% تراکم کل و 71% زیست توده کل علف­های هرز شد. وقتی که نیتروژن مصرف نشد، استفاده از مالچ روی خاک باعث کاهش 88% تراکم کل و زیست توده کل علف­های هرز نسبت به تیمار بدون مالچ شد. مالچ پلاستیک با مصرف پایین نیتروژن،تراکم و زیست توده علف‌های هرز کاملینارا کاهش داد. مقادیر بالای مصرف نیتروژن توانست به تحریک رشد علف‌های هرز کمک کند و مالچ پلاستیک در این حالت قدرت کنترل کنندگی کمتری روی علف‌های هرز داشت. مصرف 120 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار همراه با مالچ پلاستیک روی خاک باعث کاهش 49% و 51% تراکم کل و زیست توده کل علف­های هرز به ترتیب نسبت به تیمار بدون مالچ و بدون مصرف نیتروژن شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of density and biomass of camelina (Camelina sativa L.) weeds affected by mulch and nitrogen

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Nouri 1
  • Hassan Heidari 2
  • Farzad Mondani 2
1 PhD. student, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Weeds reduce crop yield in different ways. Plastic mulch is one of the effective ways to reduce weed pressure in fields. Weeds are more efficient in using environmental factors than crops. One of the factors affecting the growth of plants is nitrogen, which causes rapid plant growth. The aim of this research was to determine the density, type and amount of dry matter of weeds in camelina affected by mulch and nitrogen. The experimental design was implemented in the form of a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in two regions of Kermanshah (Razi University Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus) and Kangavar city (Sultanabad village). The factors were nitrogen fertilizer application at four levels of 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg per hectare and the use of plastic (transparent) at three levels (no plastic, plastic on the plant and plastic on the soil). The results showed that plastic mulch has a controlling effect on weed density and biomass. The plastic mulch on the soil had a more controlling effect than the plastic mulch on the plant on the weeds of camelina. When nitrogen was not used, the use of mulch on the soil compared to mulch on the plant caused a 70% decrease in the total density and 71% of the total biomass of weeds. When nitrogen was not consumed, the use of mulch on the soil reduced the total density and total biomass of weeds by 88% compared to the treatment without mulch. Plastic mulch at low nitrogen application reduced density and biomass of camelina weeds. High amounts of nitrogen consumption could help stimulate the growth of weeds, and plastic mulch in this case had less controlling power on weeds. The use of 120 kg of nitrogen per hectare along with plastic mulch on the soil caused a 49% and 51% decrease in the total density and total biomass of weeds, respectively, compared to the treatment without mulch without nitrogen use.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nutrition
  • Soil cover
  • Stickwilly
  • Weed control

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