اثر کودهای زیستی، آلی و سیلیکات پتاسیم بر برخی شاخص‌های رشدی و صفات مورفولوژیک گوجه‌فرنگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

2 گروه زراﻋﺖ، دانشگاه ﻋﻠﻮم کشاورزی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

10.22034/plant.2026.144874.1179

چکیده

مقدمه: امروزه کودهای آلی با منشاء زیستی با دارا بودن محرک‌های رشد گیاه، عناصر غذایی و مواد آلی به­طور وسیعی برای بهبود کمیت و کیفیت محصولات کشاورزی به کار برده می‌شوند. از طرفی گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) جایگاه ویژه‌ای در تغذیه بشر در سرتاسر جهان دارد. این گیاه، به‌عنوان یکی از محصولات مهم کشاورزی در ایران، نقش عمده‌ای در تأمین نیازهای غذایی و اقتصادی ایفا می‌کند. در این پژوهش، اثرات برخی کودهای آلی و زیستی روی ویژگی‌های رشدی و کیفیت محصول گوجه‌فرنگی در شرایط کشت گلخانه‌ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
مواد و روش‎‌ها: در این پژوهش تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل اسید آمینه، اسید هیومیک، عصاره جلبک دریایی و سیلیکات پتاسیم با غلظت 3 در هزار به‌صورت کاربرد خاکی و محلول‌پاشی برگی بود که به همراه تیمار شاهد (بدون کاربرد کود)، به تعداد 9 تیمار مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. این پژوهش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار روی گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی در سال 1402 اجرا شد. در این پژوهش صفات ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد، وزن و حجم میوه، رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، قند محلول و پروتئین مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.
یافته‌‎ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که کاربرد تیمارها سبب بهبود خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و کیفیت میوه گوجه‌فرنگی شد. براساس مقایسه میانگین‌ها اسید هیومیک چه به­صورت محلول‌پاشی و چه مصرف در خاک به همراه مصرف خاکی سیلیکات پتاسیم بالاترین ارتفاع بوته در گوجه‌فرنگی را موجب شد. در بین تیمارهای آزمایش، محلول‌پاشی اسید آمینه بالاترین و تیمار شاهد کمترین تعداد گل در بوته را موجب شدند. با کاربرد در خاک جلبک دریایی، بالاترین محتوای نسبی آب برگ در گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی مشاهده شد. بیشترین غلظت کلروفیل a متعلق به تیمار کودی اسید هیومیک به­صورت کاربرد در خاک بود، در حالی‌که محلول‌پاشی جلبک دریایی بدون تفاوت معنی‌دار آماری با کاربرد در خاک اسید هیومیک بالاترین غلظت کلروفیل b در گوجه‌فرنگی را موجب شدند. بیشترین تعداد میوه در گوجه‌فرنگی از تیمار محلول‌پاشی اسید آمینه به دست آمد، با این حال به لحاظ وزن و حجم میوه، محلول‌پاشی با اسید هیومیک، بیشترین مقادیر را موجب شد. کاربرد سیلیکات پتاسیم در خاک باعث افزایش معنی‌دار قند محلول گردید. در این آزمایش اثر مثبت و معنی‌دار کودهای آلی روی صفات مورد بررسی گوجه‌فرنگی محرز شد، با این حال بسته به صفت، اثر تیمارها متفاوت بود.
نتیجه‌‎گیری: در مجموع، نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از کودهای آلی و زیستی، به‌ویژه اسید هیومیک، سیلیکات پتاسیم، جلبک دریایی و اسید آمینه، می‌تواند به بهبود ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی گوجه‌فرنگی کمک کرده و در جهت کشاورزی پایدار مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of bio-fertilizer, organic fertilizer and potassium silicate on morphological and physiological traits of tomato

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Bayat 1
  • Zahra Movahedi 1
  • Majid Rostami 1
  • Mohammad Dashti Marvili 2
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Nowadays, organic fertilizers with biological source are widely used to improve the quantity and quality of agricultural products by having plant growth stimulants, organic and mineral nutrients. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) has a special place in human nutrition all over the world. this plant, as one of the important horticultural crops in Iran, plays a major role in meeting food and economic needs. In this research the effects of humic acid, amino acid, seaweed extract, and potassium silicate on quantity and quality characteristics of tomato were investigated under greenhouse conditions.
Materials and Methods: In this research, the experimental treatments included a control group, as well as humic acid, amino acid, seaweed extract, and potassium silicate, all applied at a concentration of 3 parts per thousand, in both soil and foliar application. The experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with nine treatments and three replications in 2023. The measured traits included plant height, number of flowers, number of fruits, fruit weight and volume, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content of leaves, soluble sugar and protein.
Results: The results of data variance analysis showed that the application of treatments improved the morphological, physiological characteristics and quality of tomato fruit. Based on the means comparison, humic acid, either as foliar application or soil application, along with soil application of potassium silicate, caused the highest plant height in tomato. Among the test treatments, amino acid foliar spray caused the highest and the control treatment caused the lowest number of flowers per plant. By using seaweed as soil appliction, the highest relative water content of leaves was observed in tomato plants. The highest concentration of chlorophyll a belonged to the treatment of humic acid fertilizer applied on soil, while seaweed foliar application caused the highest concentration of chlorophyll b in tomatoes without statistically significant difference with soil application of humic acid. The highest number of fruits in tomato was obtained from the amino acid foliar treatment, however, in terms of fruit weight and volume, humic acid foliar application caused in the highest values. The use of potassium silicate in the soil caused a significant increase in soluble sugar. In this experiment, the positive and significant effect of organic fertilizers on the studied traits of tomato was clarified, however, depending on the trait, the effect of the treatments was different.
Conclusion: Finally, the results showed that the use of organic and biological fertilizers, especially humic acid, potassium silicate, seaweed and amino acid, can improve the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of tomatoes and be effective in sustainable agriculture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amino acid
  • Foliar application
  • Greenhouse
  • Humic acid
  • Seaweed extract

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