ارزیابی برخی از ارقام کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) با استفاده از روش های آماری چندمتغیره تحت تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام. ایران

2 گروه زراعت، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران

10.22034/plant.2025.144982.1182

چکیده

مقدمه: در بسیاری از مناطق خشک، نیاز به شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های گیاهی می باشد که بتوانند با آبیاری محدود، عملکرد را حفظ یا افزایش دهد. کنجد در محیط‌های خشک و نیمه‌خشک که بارش نامنظم است و منابع آبی محدود می‌باشد، محصول روغنی مهمی است. ارزیابی تنوع ژنتیکی در پاسخ به خشکی در میان رقم‌های کنجد می‌تواند کاندیداهایی با عملکرد پایدار در تنش خشکی را نشان دهد و استراتژی‌های به‌نژادی و مدیریت زراعی را مشخص کند. این مطالعه به غربالگری رقم‌های کنجد برای تحمل خشکی می‌پردازد و روابط بین صفات رویشی، مؤلفه‌های عملکرد و عملکرد نهایی دانه را تحت رژیم‌های آبیاری روشن می‌سازد.
مواد و روش‌ها: با توجه به اهمیت شناسایی ارقام متحمل کنجد برای مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک، این پژوهش با هدف غربالگری رقم‌های مختلف کنجد تحت تنش خشکی در سال ۱۴۰۰ در شهرستان دره‌شهر استان ایلام اجرا گردید. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دو سطح آبیاری تنش خشکی و بدون تنش(شاهد) به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی و شش رقم کنجد شامل اولتان، داراب 1، رقم بومی، یلووایت، هلیل و رقم آمریکایی به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی بودند.
یافته‌ها:  نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی اثر معنی‌داری بر ارتفاع بوته، ارتفاع اولین گره، تعداد دانه در کپسول، وزن خشک کل و عملکرد دانه داشت. رقم اولتان بیشترین (۹۵ گرم در مترمربع) و رقم بومی کمترین (62 گرم در مترمربع) عملکرد دانه را داشتند. اثر متقابل رقم و تنش خشکی بر تعداد دانه در کپسول نیز معنی‌دار بود، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین مقدار در رقم اولتان (70 عدد) در شرایط بدون تنش مشاهده شد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که بین تعداد برگ با ارتفاع بوته (r=0.94, P≤0.01) و وزن خشک کل (r=0.87, p≤0.05) بیشترین همبستگی‌های مثبت و قوی وجود داشت. همچنین عملکرد دانه با ارتفاع گره (r=0.64, P>0.05)، وزن خشک کل (r=0.72, P>0.05) و تعداد برگ در گیاه (r=0.73, P>0.05) دارای همبستگی نسبتاً قوی و مثبت ولی غیرمعنی دار داشت. در تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی (میانگین دو محیط شاهد و تنش)، دو مؤلفه اصلی اول، 90/96 درصد از تغییرات موجود را توجیه نموده و همچنین براساس نتایج خوشه‌بندی نیز رقم‌ها در شرایط تنش و بدون تنش، سه گروه متمایز شناسایی شد: گروه اول شامل ارقام محلی و آمریکایی (مهاجر)، گروه دوم شامل ارقام یلووایت، اولتان و داراب 1، و گروه سوم نیز شامل رقم هلیل با عملکرد نسبتاً مطلوب بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی، نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که بین رقم‌های کنجد تفاوت های قابل‌توجهی در پاسخ به تنش خشکی وجود داشت. چنین ارقامی می‌توانند در برنامه‌های اصلاحی و زراعی مناطق کم‌آب مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of some sesame cultivars using multivariate statistical methods under drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Younes Ghorishi Nasab 1
  • Ali Arminian 1
  • Arash Fazeli 1
  • Amin Fathi 2
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The increasing scarcity of water in many regions has intensified the need to identify crop genotypes that can sustain yield under limited irrigation. Sesame is an important oilseed crop in arid and semi-arid environments, where rainfall is irregular and water resources are constrained. Evaluating genetic variation in drought response among sesame cultivars can reveal candidates with stable performance under water stress, informing breeding strategies and crop management. This study aims to screen a diverse set of sesame cultivars for drought tolerance and to elucidate the relationships between vegetative vigor, yield components, and final grain yield under contrasting irrigation regimes.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted at Darreh Shahr County, Ilam Province in 2021. A split-plot design in a randomized complete block framework with three replications was used. The main plots included two irrigation levels (drought stress and well-watered control), and within plots six sesame cultivars—Ultan, Darab 1, a native cultivar, Yellow White, Halil, and an American cultivar. Measurements included plant height, height of the first node, number of seeds per capsule, total dry weight, and grain yield (g/m²). Data analysis comprised ANOVA for main effects and interactions, correlation analysis among traits, principal component analysis (PCA) to summarize variation, and a cluster analysis to group cultivars.
Results: Drought stress significantly reduced plant height, the height of the first node, the number of seeds per capsule, and total dry weight, while grain yield differed among cultivars under drought; Ultan achieved the highest yield (~95 g/m²) and the native cultivar the lowest (~62 g/m²). The cultivar-by-stress interaction was significant for the number of seeds per capsule, with Ultan producing the highest count (~70) under non-stress conditions. Strong positive correlations were detected between the number of leaves and plant height (r = 0.94, P ≤ 0.01) and between leaves and total dry weight (r = 0.87, P ≤ 0.05). Grain yield showed relatively strong but non-significant correlations with node height (r = 0.64, P > 0.05), total dry weight (r = 0.72, P > 0.05), and the number of leaves per plant (r = 0.73, P > 0.05). PCA indicated that the first two components explained about 96.9% of the total variation. Cluster analysis revealed three distinct groups of cultivars under both stress and non-stress conditions: Group 1 consisted of native and American cultivars, Group 2 included Ultan, Yellow White, and Darab 1, and Group 3 included Halil, which showed relatively favorable yield.
Conclusion: There is substantial genetic variation in sesame responses to drought; certain cultivars such as Ultan, Yellow White, Darab 1, and Halil show potential for use in breeding and cropping programs in water-scarce regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Multivariate analysis
  • Clustering
  • performance
  • Principal components
  • Correlation

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