ارزیابی برهمکنش ژنوتیپ × محیط بر عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های باقلا علوفه‌ای با استفاده از روش GGEبای‌پلات

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم آباد، ایران

4 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، دزفول، ایران

5 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

10.22034/plant.2025.144153.1169

چکیده

مقدمه: یکی از راهکارهای افزایش تولید علوفه با منابع محدود آب، کشت گیاهان علوفه­ای پاییزه متحمل به خشکی با کارآیی مصرف آب بالا می‌باشد. باقلا(Vicia faba L.) ، توده علوفه‏ای سبز و پرحجم تولید کرده که برای تغذیه حیوانات مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. همچنین علوفه گیاه باقلا را می‏توان به‌طور خالص یا مخلوط با گیاهان خانواده غلات سیلو نمود. گیاه کامل باقلای سیلو شده با کیفیت خوب، می­تواند به‌عنوان یک علوفه غنی از انرژی و پروتئین برای تغذیه دام­های سنگین از جمله گاوهای شیری مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
مواد و روش‎‌ها: در این تحقیق نه ژنوتیپ باقلا علوفه­ای همراه با همراه ارقام شاهد کم­تانن (مهتا) و دارای تانن (شادان)، در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در چهار منطقه (گرگان، دزفول، بروجرد و قراخیل) به‌مدت دو سال زراعی (1403-1402و 1402-1401) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. در مزرعه هر کرت شامل چهار خط شش متری با فواصل ردیف 50 سانتی­متر و فواصل بوته‌ها روی خطوط کاشت هشت سانتی‌متر بود.
نتایج: نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌ها نشان داد که اثرات اصلی ژنوتیپ، محیط و برهم‌کنش ژنوتیپ × محیط بر عملکرد علوفه تر و خشک در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. بر اساس مدل GEI، چند­ضلعی GGE بای‌پلات بر اساس داده‌های عملکرد علوفه تر، 9/32 درصد از تغییرات کل توسط مؤلفه‌ اصلی اول و 1/22 درصد از تغییرات کل وسط مؤلفه‌ اصلی (در مجموع 55 درصد) توجیه گردید.
نتیجه‌‎گیری: بر اساس تجزیه و تحلیل GEI و ‌GGE-Biplot، .از بین محیط‌های آزمایش، قراخیل و دزفول در سال 1403 توانایی بیشتری در جداسازی و تمایز بین ژنوتیپ‌ها داشته و مکان مناسبی برای گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های برتر شناخته شد. در دو سال اجرای آزمایش بیشترین عملکرد علوفه تر از ژنوتیپ‌های <G3 G9 < G4 به ترتیب به‌میزان 37542، 37427 و 36769 کیلوگرم در هکتار به­دست آمد. همچنین ژنوتیپ­G9  دارای بیشترین پایداری از نظر عملکرد علوفه خشک محسوب بود. با توجه به عملکرد مناسب علوفه تر و پایداری عملکرد علوفه خشک معرفی این لاین در مناطق باقلا­کاری کشور توصیه می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Interaction of genotype × environment on Genotypes yeild of forage faba bean using GGE biplot method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Taghi Feyzbakhsh 1
  • Hamid Reza Ghorbani 2
  • Mohamad Shahverdi 3
  • Ahmad ali Shoshidezfuli 4
  • Fatemeh Sheikh 1
  • Vida Ghotbi 5
1 Field and Horticultural Crops Science Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
2 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran.
3 Associate professor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Khoram Abad, Iran
4 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Khozestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Dezfoul, Iran
5 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: One of the strategies for increasing forage production with limited water resources is the cultivation of drought-tolerant autumn forage plants with high water use efficiency. The development of forage plant cultivation and their rotation with other plants, as well as the use of different forage plants, can play a fundamental role in providing the country's forage needs. faba beans (Vicia faba L.) produce a green, high-volume forage mass that is used for animal feed, and faba bean forage can be ensiled either alone or mixed with cereal crops. Good quality ensiled whole faba beans can be used as a high-energy, protein-rich forage for dairy cattle.
Materials and Methods: In this study, nine forage Faba bean genotypes, with low-tannin (Mehta) and high-tannin (Shadan), were studied. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in four regions (Gorgan, Dezful, Borujerd, and Qarakhail) for two years (2022-23 and 2023-24). Each plot consisted of four with six meters long. Row spacings was 50 centimeters and plant spacings on the rows were eight centimeters. In Gorgan and Qarakhail regions, irrigation was not done during the growth period due to adequate rainfall, but in Borujerd and Dezful, irrigation was done according to the plant's needs and at different phenological stages of the plant to provide soil moisture. At the harvesting stage, fresh forage yield was determined after removing the marginal lines and half a meter from the beginning and end of the two middle lines of each plot on a six-square-meter surface. Also, at the time of harvesting, one-kilogram samples of leaves, stems, and pods were taken from each plot and placed in an oven at a temperature of 65 degrees Celsius for 48 hours. When the dry weight of the samples became the same in two consecutive weighings, dry matter was recorded and dry matter yield was calculated according to the percentage of dry matter.
Results: The results of the combined analysis of variance showed that the main effects of genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interaction on fresh and dry forage yield were significant at the 1% probability level. According to the GEI model for fresh forage, 32.9% and 22.1% of the total variations were described by the first and second component, respectively (totally 55%). Also, based on GEI and GGE-Biplot analysis, the experimental environments, Qarakhail and Dezful in 2024 had a greater ability to separate and differentiate between genotypes and were recognized as a suitable location for selecting suitable genotypes.
Conclusion: In the two years of the experiment, the highest fresh forage yield was obtained from the genotypes G3, G9, and G4, respectively, at 37542, 37427, and 36769 Kg/ha-1.Also, G9 genotype was considered to have the highest stability in terms of dry forage yield. Considering the appropriate fresh forage yield and the stability of dry forage yield, it is recommended to introduce this genotype the country.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Genotype ×environment interaction
  • Ideal genotype
  • Mega environment
  • Yield stability

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تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی
دوره 7، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 11
اردیبهشت 1405
صفحه 77-92

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