برهمکنش سلنیوم و روی بر رشد و برخی ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی موسیر (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

10.22034/plant.2026.145197.1188

چکیده

مقدمه: تنش‌ خشکی مهمترین عامل کاهش‌دهنده عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی است. در این شرایط تغذیه گیاهی با استفاده از عناصری مانند سلنیوم و روی ممکن است با ثأثیر مثبت بر فرایندهای بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی میزان تحمل گیاه به تنش خشکی را بهبود دهند. در این ارتباط، آزمایشی با هدف بررسی اثر غلظت‌های مختلف ترکیب دو عنصر سلنیوم و روی بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و تولید گیاه موسیر ایرانی (Allium hirtifolium Boiss .) در شرایط تنش خشکی اجرا شد.
مواد و روش‎‌ها: آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهرکرد در سال زراعی 1403-1402 انجام شد. عامل اول، سطوح تنش شامل بدون تنش (با حفظ رطوبت 85 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و تنش خشکی (با حفظ رطوبت 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و عامل دوم، ترکیب عناصر سلنیوم و روی شامل Se1Zn1: شاهد، Se2Zn2: سه میلی­گرم در لیتر سلنیوم به‌علاوه 50 میلی­گرم در لیتر روی، Se3Zn3: شش میلی­گرم در لیتر سلنیوم به‌علاوه 100 میلی گرم در لیتر روی، Se4Zn4: نه میلی­گرم در لیتر سلنیوم به‌علاوه 150 میلی­گرم در لیتر روی و Se5Zn5: 12 میلی­گرم در لیتر سلنیوم به‌علاوه 200 میلی­گرم در لیتر روی به‌ترتیب از منابع سلنات سدیم و سولفات روی بود.
نتایج: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر تنش خشکی، ترکیب عناصر سلنیوم و روی و اثر متقابل تنش خشکی وترکیب عناصر بر محتوای رطوبت نسبی آب برگ، محتوای پرولین، محتوای مالون ‌دی‌آلدئید، وزن تر برگ و وزن تر ریشه موسیر ایرانی معنی‎دار شدند. رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی (کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b و کارتنوئیدها) تحت تأثیر تنش خشکی قرار گرفتند (01/0 > P). اثر ترکیب عناصر سلنیوم و روی بر وزن تر سوخ و وزن تر سوخ خواهری در سطح احتمال یک درصد و اثر متقابل آنها در سطح احتمال پنج درصد معنی‌دار گردید. همچنین اثرات تنش خشکی و ترکیب سلنیوم و روی بر محتوای سلنیوم، روی و محتوای آلیسین سوخ موسیر ایرانی در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار شد. در شرایط تنش خشکی، محتوای رطوبت نسبی آب برگ، محتوای پرولین در تیمار Se3Zn3 در مقایسه با به تیمار شاهد به‌ترتیب 24 و 94 درصد افزایش یافت. در هر دو شرایط رطوبتی، محتوای مالون دی‌آلدئید در همه تیمارهای تغذیه‎ای کاهش یافت. وزن تر برگ نیز در تیمار Se3Zn3 در مقایسه به تیمار شاهد افزایش معنی‌داری داشت و در غلظت‌های بالاتر کاهش نشان داد. وزن تر ریشه در تیمارSe3Zn3  مشابه شاهد بود و در غلظت بالاتر کاهش یافت. افزایش معنی‎دار وزن تر سوخ و وزن تر سوخ خواهری در تیمار Se3Zn3 نسبت به شاهد مشاهده شد. تنش خشکی محتوای رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی را نسبت به شرایط بدون تنش به‌شدت به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش داد. در شرایط تنش خشکی، غلظت‌های بالاتر عناصر سلنیوم و روی محتوای این عناصر و محتوای آلیسین سوخ را کاهش دادند، به‌طوری که محتوای عناصر سلنیوم، روی و محتوای آلیسین سوخ نسبت به‌شرایط بدون تنش به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 25، 20 و 46 درصد کاهش یافت.
نتیجه‌گیری: در این آزمایش، کاربرد شش میلی­گرم در لیتر سلنیوم به‌علاوه 100 میلی گرم در لیتر روی بیشترین تاثیر مثبت را بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه موسیر داشت. این غلظت از ترکیب عناصر با بهبود ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و افزایش توان فتوسنتزی میزان اختلال ناشی از تنش خشکی در شاخص‌های رشدی را کاهش داد و احتمالاً با تقویت مکانیسم بیوشیمیایی باعث افزایش تحمل گیاه به تنش خشکی شد و نهایتا پتانسیل تولید و کیفیت محصول را بهبود بخشید. علاوه‌بر این، کاربرد توأم دو عنصر سلنیوم و روی در شرایط بدون تنش نیز پتانسیل تولید سوخ و کیفیت سوخ­های تولیدی را از لحاظ محتوای سلنیوم ارتقا داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The interaction effects of selenium and zinc on growth and some biochemical parameters of shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) under drought stress conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeid Davoodinia
  • Sina Fallah
  • Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini
  • Ali Abbasi Surki
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Drought stress represents the primary factor that diminishes the yield of crop products. Under such conditions, the application of nutrients like selenium and zinc may enhance the plant's resilience to drought stress by favorably influencing biochemical and physiological processes. To explore this, an experiment was conducted to assess the impact of varying concentrations of selenium and zinc combinations on the morphological, physiological, and production characteristics of Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss.) under drought stress conditions.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was designed as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replications at the Shahrekord University research farm during the 2023-2024 period. The first factor involved levels of drought stress, which included no drought stress (maintaining 85% of field capacity moisture) and drought stress (maintaining 50% of field capacity moisture). The second factor comprised the combinations of selenium and zinc, which included Se1Zn1: control, Se2Zn2: 3 mg/L selenium plus 50 mg/L zinc, Se3Zn3: 6 mg/L selenium plus 100 mg/L zinc, Se4Zn4: 9 mg/L selenium plus 150 mg/L zinc, and Se5Zn5: 12 mg/L selenium plus 200 mg/L zinc, sourced from sodium selenate and zinc sulfate, respectively.
Results: The results from the variance analysis indicated that the effects of drought stress, the combinations of selenium and zinc, and the interaction between drought stress and nutrient combinations on leaf relative moisture content, proline content, malondialdehyde content, leaf fresh weight, and root fresh weight were significant. Additionally, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) were significantly influenced by drought stress (P < 0.01). The combinations of selenium and zinc had a significant impact on the fresh weight of both the bulb and sister bulb at the 1% probability level, while their interaction was significant at the 5% probability level. Furthermore, the influence of drought stress, along with selenium and zinc combinations, on the selenium content, zinc content, and allicin content of the Persian shallot bulb was also significant at the 1% probability level. In conditions of drought stress, the leaf relative moisture content and proline content increased by 24% and 94%, respectively, in the Se3Zn3 treatment when compared to the control treatment. Across both moisture conditions, malondialdehyde content was observed to decrease in all nutritional treatments. Additionally, leaf fresh weight showed a significant increase in the Se3Zn3 treatment relative to the control, although it decreased at higher concentrations of applied nutrients. The root fresh weight in the Se3Zn3 treatment was comparable to that of the control treatment, but it also decreased at higher nutrient concentrations. A notable increase in bulb fresh weight and sister bulb fresh weight was recorded in the Se3Zn3 treatment compared to the control. Drought stress led to a significant reduction in the content of photosynthetic pigments when compared to non-stressed conditions. Under drought stress, elevated concentrations of selenium and zinc resulted in a decrease in the content of these nutrients as well as the allicin content of the bulb, with reductions of 25%, 20%, and 46% for selenium, zinc, and allicin content, respectively, in comparison to non-stressed conditions.
Conclusion: In this study, the combination of 6 mg/L selenium and 100 mg/L zinc exhibited the most beneficial impact on the morphological and physiological characteristics of Persian shallot. This specific concentration of the nutrient mixture mitigated the effects of drought stress on growth indices by enhancing antioxidant capacity and boosting photosynthetic efficiency, likely increasing the plant's resilience to drought stress through the reinforcement of biochemical mechanisms, ultimately leading to improved production potential and product quality. Furthermore, the synergistic application of selenium and zinc in non-stress conditions also enhanced the potential for tuber yield and the quality of the tubers in terms of selenium content.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bulb
  • Drought stress tolerance
  • Proline
  • Relative water content
  • Shallot
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