Abdelmagid, S. Y., Gharib, F. A. E. L., & Ahmed, E. Z. (2025). Impact of titanium nanoparticles on germination and early growth of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Scientific Reports, 15(1), 32450. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-18071-1
Acharya, P., Jayaprakasha, G. K., Crosby, K. M., Jifon, J. L., & Patil, B. S. (2020). Nanoparticle-mediated seed priming improves germination, growth, yield, and quality of watermelons (Citrullus lanatus) at multi-locations in Texas. Scientific reports, 10(1), 5037. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61696-7
Aghaee, A., Shahabivand, S., Athari, M., & Nasiri, Y. (2022). The effect of foliar application of zinc oxide and zinc nanoparticles on growth, photosynthetic pigments and essential oil compounds of green basil. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 35(2), 233-245. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/JPR.2022.2116
Aminizadeh, M., Riahi-Madvar, A., & Mohammadi, M. (2016). Nano-Metal oxides induced sulforaphane production and peroxidase activity in seedlings of Lepidium draba (Brassicaceae). Progress in Biological Sciences, 6(1), 75-83. https://doi.org/10.22059/pbs.2016.59010
Arnon, D. I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24, 1-15.
Arora, S., Murmu, G., Mukherjee, K., Saha, S., & Maity, D. (2022). A comprehensive overview of nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture. Journal of Biotechnology, 355, 21-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.06.007
Berni, R., Luyckx, M., Xu, X., Legay, S., Sergeant, K., Hausman, J. F., & Guerriero, G. (2019). Reactive oxygen species and heavy metal stress in plants: Impact on the cell wall and secondary metabolism. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 161, 98-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.10.017
Doğaroğlu, Z. G., Eren, A., & Baran, M. F. (2019). Effects of ZnO nanoparticles and ethylenediamine‐N, N′‐disuccinic acid on seed germination of four different plants. Global Challenges, 3(9), 1800111. https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201800111
Farghaly, F. A., Radi, A. A., Al-Kahtany, F. A., & Hamada, A. M. (2020). Impacts of zinc oxide nano and bulk particles on redox-enzymes of the Punica granatum callus. Scientific reports, 10(1), 19722. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76664-4
Farnoosh, S., Masoudian, N., Safipour Afshar, A., SaeidNematpour, F., & Roudi, B. (2023). Effect of Zinc Oxide nanoparticle on physiological characteristics, rosmarinic acid production and expression of TAT and 4-Cl genes in Lemongrass (Melissa officinalis L.). Cell and Tissue Journal, 13(1), 56-70. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22080/jct.2022.29848
Gholami, A., Abbaspour, H., Gerami, M., & Hashemi-Moghaddam, H. (2020). The effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) on photosynthetic pigments and some biochemical and antioxidant properties of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 17(105), 123-134. (In Persian).
Gill, S. S., & Tuteja, N. (2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant physiology and biochemistry, 48(12), 909-930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.08.016
Haghaninia, M., Javanmard, A., Rasouli, F., & Hazrati-Haselghobiafshar, F. (2025). Optimizing the performance and defensive traits of grapefruit mint (Mentha suaveolens × piperita) under drought stress conditions using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and carbon quantum dots. Plant Production and Genetics, 6(1), 1-18. (In Persian).
Hu, P., An, J., Faulkner, M. M., Wu, H., Li, Z., Tian, X., & Giraldo, J. P. (2020). Nanoparticle charge and size control foliar delivery efficiency to plant cells and organelles. ACS nano, 14(7), 7970-7986. https://doi.org/ 10.1021/acsnano.9b09178
Hussein, R. A., & El-Anssary, A. A. (2019). Plants secondary metabolites: the key drivers of the pharmacological actions of medicinal plants. Herbal medicine, 1(3), 11-30. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76139
Javed, R., Yucesan, B., Zia, M., & Gurel, E. (2018). Elicitation of secondary metabolites in callus cultures of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni grown under ZnO and CuO nanoparticles stress. Sugar Tech, 20(2), 194-201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-017-0539-1
Lew, T. T. S., Wong, M. H., Kwak, S. Y., Sinclair, R., Koman, V. B., & Strano, M. S. (2018). Rational design principles for the transport and subcellular distribution of nanomaterials into plant protoplasts. Small, 14(44), 1802086. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201802086
Kittler, J., Krüger, H., Ulrich, D., Zeiger, B., Schütze, W., Böttcher, C., & Marthe, F. (2018). Content and composition of essential oil and content of rosmarinic acid in lemon balm and balm genotypes (Melissa officinalis). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 65(5), 1517-1527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-018-0635-4
Kurczy´nska, E., Godel-J˛edrychowska, K., Sala, K., & Milewska-Hendel, A. (2021). Nanoparticles—plant interaction: what we know, where we are? Applied Sciences, 11, 5473. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125473
Maani, M., Fallah Chai, M. M., & Shariati, F. (2025). Uptake of zinc and its effects on nutrient and chlorophyll content in seedlings. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.22124/cjes.2025.9267
Marslin, G., Sheeba, C. J., & Franklin, G. (2017). Nanoparticles alter secondary metabolism in plants via ROS burst. Frontiers in plant science, 8, 832. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00832
Mohit Rabary, P., Movahedi, Z., Ghabooli, M., & Rostami, M. (2022). Effects of foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles on traits of several medicinal plants under aeroponic system conditions. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 9(4), 445-452. https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_87134.html
Nazir, S., Zhang, J. M., Junaid, M., Saleem, S., Ali, A., Ullah, A., & Khan, S. (2024). Metal-based nanoparticles: basics, types, fabrications and their electronic applications. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, 238(6), 965-995. https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2023-0460
Nechitailo, G. S., Bogoslovskaya, O. A., Ol’khovskaya, I. P., & Glushchenko, N. N. (2018). Influence of iron, zinc, and copper nanoparticles on some growth indices of pepper plants. Nanotechnologies in Russia, 13(3), 161-167.
Ninkuu, V., Aluko, O. O., Yan, J., Zeng, H., Liu, G., Zhao, J., & Dakora, F. D. (2025). Phenylpropanoids metabolism: Recent insight into stress tolerance and plant development cues. Frontiers in Plant Science, 16, 1571825. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995078018020052
Oloumi, H., Soltaninejad, R., & Baghizadeh, A. (2015). The comparative effects of nano and bulk size particles of CuO and ZnO on glycyrrhizin and phenolic compounds contents in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. seedlings. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 20: 157-161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-015-0143-x
Öztürk, M., Duru, M. E., Ince, B., Harmandar, M., & Topçu, G. (2010). A new rapid spectrophotometric method to determine the rosmarinic acid level in plant extracts. Food Chemistry, 123(4), 1352-1356. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.06.021
Pavani, K., Divya, V., Veena, I., Aditya, M., & Devakinandan, G. (2014). Influence of bioengineered zinc nanoparticles and zinc metal on Cicer arietinum seedlings growth. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2(4), 216-223. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4865424
Rahman, M. S., Chakraborty, A., Kibria, A., & Hossain, M. J. (2023). Effects of silver nanoparticles on seed germination and growth performance of pea (Pisum sativum). Plant Nano Biology, 5, 100042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plana.2023.100042
Rivero-Montejo, S. D. J., Vargas-Hernandez, M., & Torres-Pacheco, I. (2021). Nanoparticles as novel elicitors to improve bioactive compounds in plants. Agriculture, 11(2), 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020134
Saini, N., Anmol, A., Kumar, S., Wani, A. W., Bakshi, M., & Dhiman, Z. (2024). Exploring phenolic compounds as natural stress alleviators in plants-a comprehensive review. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 133, 102383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102383
Shavalibor, A. & Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi, S. (2021). Effect of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles on Melissa officinalis L.: Evaluation of growth parameters, secondary metabolites, and antioxidant enzymes. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology, 11(4), 3799-3809.
Shehzad, M. A., Khan, M. A., Ali, A., Mohammad, S., Noureldeen, A., Darwish, H., & Khan, R. S. (2021). Interactive effects of zinc oxide nano particles and different light regimes on growth and silymarin biosynthesis in callus cultures of Silybum marianum L. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 49(1), 523-535. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2021.1946069
Singleton, V. L., & Rossi, J. A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, 144-158.
Tariq, M., Tufail, A., Hafeez, M. B., Shoukat, M., Ahmad, N., Iqbal, S., & Zahra, N. (2025). Zinc-based nanoparticles improved the growth, chlorophyll, osmoregulation and ions relations of sunflower under combined shade and drought stress. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 103812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103351
Tarroum, M., Alfarraj, N. S., Al-Qurainy, F., Al-Hashimi, A., Khan, S., Nadeem, M., & Shaikhaldein, H. O. (2023). Improving the production of secondary metabolites via the application of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles in the calli of Delonix elata: a potential medicinal plant. Metabolites, 13(8), 905. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13080905
Weitzel, C., & Petersen, M. (2011). Cloning and characterisation of rosmarinic acid synthase from Melissa officinalis L. Phytochemistry, 72(7), 572-578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.01.039
Wang, J., Zheng L., Wu, J., & Tan, R. (2006). Involvement of nitric oxide in oxidative burst, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activation and Taxol production induced by low-energy ultrasound in Taxus yunnanensis cell suspension cultures. Nitric Oxide, 15, 351-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2006.04.261
Zeng, Y., Molnárová, M., & Motola, M. (2024). Metallic nanoparticles and photosynthesis organisms: Comprehensive review from the ecological perspective. Journal of Environmental Management, 358, 120858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120858
Ziari, Z., Tajadod, G., Arbabian, S., & Mirzai, M. (2024). The effect of manganese oxide nanoparticles and zinc oxide nanoparticles on seed germination of medicinal chicory plant
Cichorium intybus L.
Plant, Algae, and Environment,
8(2), 1366-1374.
https://doi.org/10.48308/jpr.2024.236369.1083