تأثیر پرایمینگ ‌بذر روی برخی ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک سه رقم گندم در شرایط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس تحقیقات کشاورزی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه

2 دانشگاه کردستان دانشکده کشاورزی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات

3 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

4 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر تیمارهای پرایمینگ ‎بذر بر برخی ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک سه رقم گندم نان شامل ریژاو، سرداری و کریم، مطالعه‌ای در شرایط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه‌ در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1395 انجام شد. در این مطالعه، 40 تیمار پرایمینگ، شامل پرایمینگ هورمونی، اسموپرایمینگ، پرایمینگ‌غذایی، هیدروپرایمینگ با آب مقطر یک‌بار تقطیرشده و یک تیمار شاهد بدون پرایم موردبررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد در کشت آزمایشگاهی، اثر متقابل رقم و پرایمینگ بر صفات اندازه‌گیری شده در سطح احتمال 1 درصد معنی‌دار بود. در شرایط کشت گلخانه‌ای اثر متقابل رقم و پرایمینگ بر وزن خشک ریشه در سطح احتمال 1 درصد معنی‌دار گردید ولی برای وزن خشک اندام هوایی در سطح احتمال 5 درصد معنی‌دار بود.  بر اساس رتبه‌بندی میانگین‌ها، بالاترین رتبه درصد جوانه‌زنی در رقم سرداری همراه با تیمارهای 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر آسکوربیک اسید حاصل گردید. بیشترین وزن خشک اندام هوایی به ترتیب مربوط به رقم ریژاو همراه با تیمارهای سالیسیلیک اسید 150 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر، آسکوربیک اسید 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر و 5/1 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر 24‌-‌ اپی براسینولید بود. در شرایط آزمایشگاهی، بالاترین رتبه طول ریشه‌چه به رقم کریم مربوط بود که در تیمار پرایمینگ 5/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر 24- اپی براسینولید حاصل گردید. تیمارهای مناسب پرایمینگ در این تحقیق بر اساس مجموع صفات اندازه‌گیری شده، تیمارهای هورمونی جیبرلیک اسید و 24- اپی براسینولید، تیمارهای غذایی اوره با غلظت‌های 2 و 4 گرم در لیتر، سولفات روی با غلظت‌های 1/0 و 3/0 درصد و آسکوربیک اسید با 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر، تیمار اسموپرایمینگ شامل پلی‌اتیلن گلیکول 4000 با پتانسیل 3/2- و 9/2- بار، کلرید پتاسیم 100 میلی‌مولار و هیدروپرایمینگ با آب مقطر یک بار تقطیرشده تعیین گردید. با توجه به توسعه ریشه‌های رقم سرداری توسط تیمارهای هورمونی به‌ویژه جیبرلیک اسید این تیمار برای شرایط کم‌آبی مناسب‌تر خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of seed priming on some morphophysiological characteristics of three wheat cultivars under laboratory and greenhouse conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • kianosh safari 1
  • youesf sohrabi 2
  • Adel Siosemardeh 3
  • shahryar sasani 4
1 Agricultural Research Expert, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To investigate effect of seed priming treatments on some morphophysiological characteristics of three bread wheat cultivars including “Rijaw”, “Sardari” and “Karim”, an experiment was carried out as factorial, based on completely randomized designs with three replications at Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center on 2016. In this study, 40 treatments of priming and a control (without any priming) were evaluated. The results of variance analysis showed that cultivar and priming interaction on the measured traits were significant at 1% probability level in laboratory culture. In terms of greenhouse culture, the interaction between cultivars and priming on root dry weight was significant at 1% probability level, but for dry weight of shoot parts, it was significant at 5% probability level. Based on ranking of means, the highest level of germination percentage was obtained in Sardari cultivar with 100 mg/L ascorbic acid treatments. The highest dry weight of the shoot was related to Rijjaw cultivar, with salicylic acid 150 mg/L, ascorbic acid 100 mg/L, and 5.1 mg/L 24-epibrassinolide respectively. In laboratory conditions, the highest root length was related to Karim cultivar, which was obtained in priming treatment 0.5 mg/L 24-epibrassinolide. Suitable priming treatments in this study were, hormonal treatments of gibberellic acid and 24-epibrassinolide, urea treatments with concentrations of 2 and 4 g per liter, zinc sulfate at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.3%, and Ascorbic acid with 100 mg/l, osmopriming treatment including polyethylene glycol 4000 with -2.3 and -2.9 bar, 100 mM potassium chloride and hydroperimizing with distilled water was determined. Regarding the development of roots of Sardari variety by hormonal treatments, especially gibberellic acid, this treatment will be more suitable for dryland conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Polyethylene glycol
  • Gibberellic acid
  • Seedling vigour index
  • Germination rate
  • Hydropriming

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