تأثیر کاربرد مزرعه‌ای عصاره‌های تلخه (.Acroptilon repens L)، ماشک (.Vicia sativa L) و چاودار (.Secale cereale L) بر کنترل علف‌های هرز مزرعه لوبیا سبز (.Phaseolus vulgaris L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد اگروتکنولوژی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

3 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران

10.34785/J020.2022.673

چکیده

 به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر عصاره گیاهان دگرآسیب تلخه، ماشک و چاودار بر مهار علف‌های هرز لوبیا سبز، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در بهار سال 1396 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شهرستان اسلام آباد غرب انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل علف‌های هرز تلخه، ماشک  و چاودار، و عصاره  دگرآسیب آنها در سه سطح شامل (غلظت صفر، 50 و  100  درصد عصاره‌های اندام‌های هوایی ماشک، تلخه و چاودار) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که برهم‌کنش گونه علف‌هرز و غلظت عصاره آللوپاتیک بر میزان عملکرد دانه، وزن صد‌دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و وزن خشک علف‌های هرز مزرعه، تأثیر معنی‌داری داشت. ولی بر شاخص برداشت و ارزیابی چشمی خسارات گیاهان‌هرز، معنی‌دار نبود. با افزایش غلظت عصاره آللوپاتیک، عملکرد دانه در گیاه لوبیا سبز افزایش یافت، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه (981 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در گیاهان تحت تیمار تلخه و غلظت 100 درصدی عصاره آللوپاتیک مشاهده شد. کمترین میزان وزن خشک علف‌های‌هرز (12/33 گرم در متر مربع) در گیاهان تحت تیمار با چاودار در غلظت 100 درصدی عصاره آللوپاتیک مشاهده شد که با تیمار ماشک در همان غلظت، تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت. دلیل کاهش میزان وزن خشک گیاهان‌هرز مزرعه لوبیا در غلظت بالای عصاره آللوپاتیک را می‌توان به اثرات کنترلی عصاره گیاهان مورد آزمایش نسبت داد. در مجموع افزایش غلظت عصاره‌های آللوپاتیک بر میزان تراکم و وزن خشک علف‌های هرز، اثر بازدارندگی و بر وزن صد دانه، طول غلاف، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه گیاه لوبیا سبز اثر افزایشی معنی‌داری داشتند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of field application of russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens L.), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), and rye(Secale cereal L.) extracts on weed control in french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoud Rezaei 1
  • Ehsan Zeidali 2
  • Mojgan Veisi 3
1 MSc. graduate of Agro-technology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effect of harmful extracts of russian knapweed, vetch, and rye on weeds control of french bean, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station, West Islamabad. Experimental treatments included cranberry, vetch, and rye weeds and their other pest extracts at three levels (zero, 50, and 100% of vetch, cranberry, and rye aerial part extracts). The results showed that the interaction of weed species and the concentration of allopathic extract had a significant effect on grain yield, 100-grain weight, biological yield, and dry weight of field weeds but had no significant effect on harvest index and ocular assessment of plant damage. With increasing the concentration of allopathic extract, french bean grain yield increased. The highest grain yield (981 kg.ha-1) was observed in plants treated with crap and the concentration of 100% allopathic extract. The lowest dry weight of weeds (12.33 g.m-2) was observed in plants under rye treatment at a concentration of 100% of the allopathic extract, which was not significantly different from vetch treatment at the same concentration. The decrease in the dry weight of bean field plants at high concentrations of other harmful extracts can be attributed to the control effects of the tested plant extracts. In general, increasing the concentration of allopathic extracts had an inhibitory effect on the density and dry weight of weeds and had a significant increase in 100-seed weight, pod length, biological yield, and grain yield of french bean.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Allelopathy
  • weed
  • herbal extract
  • french bean

مراجع

Adam, N. and Smith, S. 2011. Rolled rye mulch for weed suppression in organic No- tillage soybeans. Weed Science, 59: 224-231.
Annett, R., Habibi, H.R. and Hontela, A. 2014. Impact of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides on the freshwater environment. Applied Toxicology, 34(5): 458-479.
Azizi, M., Alimoradi, L. and Rashedmohassel, M.H. 2006. Allelopathic Effects of Bunium persicum and Cuminumcyminum Essential Oils on Seed Germination of some Weeds Species. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22(3): 198-208. (In Persian).
Clarka, D. 2006. The role of allelopathy in agricultural ecosystems. Department of Pomology and Basic Natural Sciences in Horticulture, Warsaw Agricultural University, p. 418.
Das, C.R., MondalAditya, N.K., Datta, P., Banerjee, A. and Das, K. 2012. Allelopathic potentialities of leachates of leaf litter of some selected tree species on gram seeds under laboratory conditions.  Experimental Biological Sciences, 3(1): 59-65.
Davis S., Turner, N.C., Siddique, K.H.M., Plummer, J. and Leport, L. 2009. Seed growth of desi and kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in a short season Mediterranean-type environment. Experimental Agriculture, 39: 181-188.
De Souza, P.I., Egli, D.B. and Bruening, W.P. 2007. Water stress during seed filling and leaf senescence in soybean. Agronomy Journal, 89: 807-812.
Faver, K.L. and Gerik. T.J. 2006. Foliar-applied methanol effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Gas exchange and growth. Field Crops Research, 47: 227-234.
FAO. 2017. Production Estimates and Crop Assessment Division, FAS, USDA.
Fasihfar, E. and Hosseini Cici, Z. 2015. Effect cover crops compound cultivation with potato on its yield and weeds control. Agroecology Journal, 10(4): 35-44. (In Persian).
Ghorbanali, M.L., BakhshiKhanikai G.R. and Shojaii.A.A. 2008. Study of Allelopathic effects of Siberian Artemisia. Besser Artemisia on two wild oat seedlings. Avena lodoviciana L; and wild Amaranthus retrofexus. Research and Development in Natural Resources, 79: 129-134. (In Persian).
Ghamari, H. and Ahmadvand, G. 2012. Weed interference affects dry bean yield and growth. Natural Science Biological, 4: 10-15.
Harbur, M.M., and Owen, M.D.K. 2004. Light and growth rate effects on crop and weed responses to nitrogen. Weed Science, 52: 578-583.
Hill, E.C. and Ngouajio, M. 2004. Effect of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) residue on weed species composition in pickling cucumber (Cucumis sativus). N. Cen. Weed Scienc, 59: 92-97.
Islam, A.K. and Kato-Noguchi, H. 2012. Allelopathic potentiality of medicinal plant Leucasaspera. Sustainable Agriculture, 4(1): 1-7.
Jahanbakhshi M.  and Saeedipour, S. 2018. Determination of critical period of weeds control in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Pulses Research, 9(1): 69-77. (In Persian).
KaKamo, T., Endo, M., Sato, M. Kasahara, R., Yamaya, H., Hiradate, S., Fujii, Y., Hirai, N. and Hirota, M. 2008. Limited distribution of natural cyanamide in higher plants: occurrence in Vicia villosa subsp. V. cracca, and Robinia pseudo-acacia. Phytochemistry, 69(5): 1166-1172.
Kraehmer, H. and Baur, P. 2013. Weed anatomy. London: Wiley-Blackwell.
Mirshekari, B. 2016. Allelopathic effect of essential oil of sweet bay (Laurus nobilis L.) on germination and seedling vigor of velvetleaf (Abutilon theopharasti L.) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.). Crop Ecophysiology, 11(2): 493-508. (In Persian).
Nikneshan, p., Karimmojeni, H., Moghanibashi, M. and Hosseini, N. 2011. Allelopathic potential of sunflower on weed management in safflower and wheat. Crop Science, 5(11): 1434-1440.
Orooji, K., Khazaei, H.R., RashedMahasel, M.H., Ghorbani, R. and Azizi, M. 2008. Allelopathic effects of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) on germination and initial growth of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album). plant protection, 2(2): 119-128. (In Persian).
PorheidarGhafarbi, S., Eslami, S.V., Hassannejad S., Alizade H. and Zamani, G. 2012. Allelopathic effects of rye (Secale cereale L.) on corn (Zea mays L.) and some of its important weeds. Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 1: 149-163. (In Persian).
RashedMohassel, M.H., Najafi, H. and Akbarzadeh, M.D. 2001. Biology and Weed Control. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, p. 404. (In Persian).
Rebery, S., Jame, B., Danehower, D., Guoying, A., Monks, D., Murphy, M., Renells, R., Willamson, W. and Creamer, N. 2005. Changes over time in the allelochemical content of ten cultivars rye (Secale cereale L.). Chemical Ecology, 25: 179- 193.
Rezvani, M., Zaefarian, F., Fani Yazdi, S.A. and Jovieni, M. 2012. Effect of dry matter allocation in vegetative and reproductive growth stages on competitiveness of soybean cultivars. Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 4(12): 1614-1622.
Sandral, G.A., Dear, B.S., Pratley, J.E. and Cullis, B.R. 1997. Herbicide dose rate response curve in subterranean clover determined by a bioassay. Experimental Agriculture, 37: 67-74.
Skryptez, S. 2004. Dry Pea Situation and Outlook. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Market Analysis Division. Biweekly Bulletin, 17: 1-10.
Stagnari, F. and Pisante, M. 2011. The critical period for weed competition in French bean (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.) in Mediterranean area. Crop Protection, 30: 179-184.
Weston, L.A. and Duke, S.O. 2003. Weed and crop allelopathy. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 22 (3 and 4): 367-389.
Yang, C.M., Chang, F., Li S.J. and Chou, C.H. 2004. Effects of three allelopathicphenolics on chlorophyll accumulation of rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings: II. Stimulation of consumption-orientation. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 45: 119-125.
Yarnia, M. 2011. Allelopathic effects of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) on seed germination, growth and yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Agricultural Sciences, 4(13): 31-45. (In Persian).
Young, S.L., Pierce, F.J. and Nowak, P. 2014. Introduction: Scope of the problem-rising costs and demand for environmental safety for weed control, in: Young, S.L., Pierce, F.J. (Eds.), Automation: The Future of Weed Control in Cropping Systems. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 1-8.
Zbiec, I., Karczmarczykand, S. and Podsiadlo, C. 2003. Response of some cultivated plants to methanol as compared to supplemental irrigation. Polish Agriculture University, 6 (1): 1-7.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار