واکنش صفات زراعی و عملکرد ارقام گندم به تراکم های مختلف کاشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

10.34785/J020.2022.455

چکیده

تعیین تراکم یا میزان بذر مطلوب یکی از جنبه‌های مهم مدیریت زراعی است که برای کاهش بذر مصرفی و در نتیجه کاهش هزینه تولید یا افزایش تولید در واحد سطح انجام می‌شود. در این بررسی، واکنش چهار رقم اصلاح شده (تجاری) گندم در تراکم‌های مختلف در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران در سال زراعی 1398 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد که شامل عامل رقم گندم تجاری در چهار سطح (ارقام مهدوی، قدس، مرودشت و M75-5) و عامل تراکم کاشت در پنج سطح (200، 250، 300، 350 و 400 بوته در متر مربع) بود. صفات ارتفاع، تعداد پنجه و سنبله بارور، تعداد دانه در هر سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که واکنش ارقام گندم به تغییرات تراکم بوته در اغلب صفات مورد مطالعه به جز تعداد پنجه، عملکرد دانه و ماده خشک در واحد سطح تفاوت معنی‌داری داشتند. واکنش ارقام گندم مورد بررسی به تراکم بوته روند مثبتی داشت، به طوری که بیشترین عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک همه ارقام در تراکم‌های بالاتر (350 و 400 بوته در متر مربع) به دست آمد. گندم قدس با بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (86/5 سانتی‌متر) و بیشترین تعداد سنبله بارور (164 سنبله در متر مربع) نسبت به ارقام مهدوی، مرودشت و M75-5 برتر بود. در مجموع، نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد تراکم 350 بوته در متر مربع را می‌توان به عنوان بهترین تراکم کاشت برای ارقام گندم تجاری پاییزه در منطقه کرج و نقاط مشابه آن در نظر گرفت، که از هدر رفت بذر ارقام اصلاح شده جلوگیری می‌نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Reaction of agronomic traits and yield of wheat cultivars to different planting densities

نویسنده [English]

  • Nasser Majnoun Hosseini
Professor of Agronomy, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Determine the optimal seed density is one of the most important aspects of crop management to reduce seed consumption (cost reduction) or increase yield per unit area. In this study, the response of four commercial wheat cultivars at different plant densities was evaluated at the research farm of the Faculty of the University of Tehran in 2019. The experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Wheat seeds of four cultivars (Ghods, Mahdavi, Marvdashat and M75-5) were sown at five levels (200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 plants per square meter). Traits height, number of tillers and spikes, number of seeds per spike, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index were measured. The results of analysis of variance showed that the response of wheat cultivars to changes in plant density was significantly different in most traits except tiller number, grain yield, and dry matter per unit area. The response of wheat cultivars to plant density was a positive trend so that the highest grain and biological yield of all cultivars was obtained at higher densities (350 and 400 plants per square meter). Ghods wheat cv. with the tallest plant (86.5 cm) and high fertility spike (164 spike per square meter) was superior to Mahdavi, Marvdasht, and M75-5 cultivars. Overall, the results showed that the application of density of 350 plants per square meter can be considered as the best plant density for autumn commercial wheat cultivars in Karaj region and similar places, which prevented the surplus consumption of improved cultivars seed (cost reduction), in approved with many researchers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat cultivars
  • potential yield
  • crop operations
  • dry matter
  • input cost

مراجع

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