تأثیر تنش خشکی و کودهای شیمیایی بر عملکرد و خصوصیات کیفی دانه گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تخار، افغانستان

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه پویایی محیط و مدیریت، دانشگاه هیروشیما، ژاپن

10.34785/J020.2022.800

چکیده

آزمایش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر کاربرد ترکیبی کودهای نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم بر رشد، عملکرد و خصوصیات کیفی دانه گندم تحت شرایط تنش خشکی انجام گردید. در این آزمایش از ارقام مینامینوکوری و  للمی-2 استفاده شد. تیمارها شامل کاربرد کودهای نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم و اعمال تنش خشکی بود. ارقام مذکور بعد از مرحلۀ گلدهی در معرض سه سطح تنش خشکی (آبیاری  نرمال، تنش خفیف و شدید خشکی) قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد تنش خشکی سبب کاهش رشد، عملکرد، مقدار نشاسته و پنتوزان قابل حل در آب دانه گردید، درحالی‌که، میزان پروتئین خام و فیتات فسفر دانه را در هردو رقم افزایش داد.  بالاترین مقادیر عملکرد دانه و نشاسته دانه در شرایط آبیاری نرمال و تنش خشکی مربوط به رقم للمی-2 بود. درحالی‌که، رقم مینامینوکوری بیشترین مقدار پروتین خام، پنتوزان کل، پنتوزان قابل حل در آب و فیتات فسفر دانه را به خود اختصاص داد. همچنین، نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که کاربرد مقدار کافی کودهای نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم می‌تواند اثرات زیان‌بار تنش خشکی را کاهش دهد. علاوه برآن، انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل در برابر تنش خشکی مانند رقم للمی-2 جهت به حد اقل رسانیدن خسارت ناشی از تنش خشکی مفید می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of drought stress and chemical fertilizers on wheat productivity and grain and quality

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Safar Noori 1
  • Nesar Ahmad Taliman 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Takhar University, Afghanistan
2 Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Environmental Dynamics and Management, Hiroshima University, Japan
چکیده [English]

The present experiment aimed to investigate the effect of the combined application of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers on the growth, yield, and quality of wheat grains under drought stress conditions. Minaminokaori and Lalemi-2 varieties were used in this experiment. The experimental treatments were nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers, and drought stress. These cultivars were exposed to three levels of drought stress (well-irrigated, mild, and severe drought) after the flowering stage. The results showed that drought stress decreased wheat growth, grain yield, starch content, and water-soluble pentosan, but increased crude protein and phytate phosphorus content in both cultivars. The highest grain yield and grain starch content under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions belonged to Lalemi-2 cultivar. Whereas, Minaminokaori had the highest amount of grain crude protein, total pentosan, water-soluble pentosane, and phytate phosphorus. Moreover, the results of this experiment showed that the application of adequate amounts of NPK fertilizers could mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress. Furthermore, the selection of drought-tolerant genotypes such as Lalemi-2 cultivar is useful for minimizing drought-induced damage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Protein
  • pentosan
  • yield
  • phytate
  • wheat

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