وراثت پذیری و تنوع ژنتیکی صفات گیاهچه ای ژنوتیپ های گندم در شرایط آلودگی به بیماری زنگ سیاه (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی،اردبیل، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه به‌نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

4 استاد، گروه به‌نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

5 استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

6 دانشیار، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

به منظور برآورد وراثت پذیری و تنوع ژنتیکی برخی صفات بیومتریک گیاهچه ای در پاسخ به بیماری زنگ ساقه، 24 ژنوتیپ گندم در سال زراعی 1400-1399 در گلخانه تحقیقاتی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر تحت شرایط آلودگی و عدم آلودگی به نژاد بومی TKTTF زنگ سیاه و در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. براساس نتایج آزمایش اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ × شرایط بیماری برای تمامی صفات در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی دار شد. تفاوت معنی داری بین ژنوتیپ ها از نظر ارتفاع گیاهچه، وزن تر گیاهچه، وزن خشک گیاهچه و نسبت وزن تر به خشک گیاهچه در سطح احتمال یک درصد مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد که آلودگی به پاتوژن باعث کاهش ارتفاع گیاهچه و افزایش وزن تر گیاهچه، وزن خشک گیاهچه و نسبت وزن تر به خشک گیاهچه به دلیل وجود پاستول های عامل بیماری می گردد. در شرایط آلودگی به بیماری زنگ سیاه بالاترین مقدار وراثت پذیری به ترتیب مربوط وزن خشک گیاهچه (85/42 درصد) و کمترین مقدار وراثت پذیری مربوط به صفت ارتفاع گیاهچه (78/8 درصد) بود. در شرایط عدم آلودگی به بیماری زنگ سیاه بالاترین مقدار وراثت پذیری مربوط به نسبت وزن تر به وزن خشک گیاهچه (66/53 درصد) و کمترین مقدار وراثت پذیری مربوط به صفت ارتفاع گیاهچه (25/51 درصد) بود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد آلودگی به زنگ سیاه صفات گیاهچه ای را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد و می توان از تنوع بین ژنوتیپ ها برای اصلاح ژنوتیپ های گندم استفاده کرد

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Heritability and genetic diversity of seedling biometric traits involved in resistance to wheat black rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) disease

نویسندگان [English]

  • Armin Vahed Rezaei 1
  • Ali Asghari 2
  • Majid Norouzi 3
  • Saied Aharizad 4
  • Ramin Roohparvar 5
  • Ashkboos Amini 6
1 Ph.D. student,, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
6 Associate Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to estimate the heritability and genetic diversity of some seedling biometric traits in response to black rust (stem rust) disease, 24 wheat genotypes in the 2020 at the research greenhouse of the Seedling and Seed Breeding Research Institute was evaluated in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications under the conditions of infection and non- infection to the native race TKTTF black rust. Based on the results, the genotype ´ disease condition interaction, was significant for all traits at the 1% probability level. Also, a significant difference between the genotypes in terms of seedling height, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, and seedling fresh weight to dry weight ratio was observed. The results showed that pathogen infection causes a decrease in seedling height and an increase in seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, and seedling fresh weight to dry weight ratio due to the presence of pustules caused by disease. Under black rust infection, the highest heritability was observed for seedling dry weight (42.85%) and the lowest heritability was related to seedling height trait (8.78%). In the absence of black rust disease, the highest heritability was observed for the ratio of fresh weight to dry weight of seedlings (53.66%) and the lowest heritability was related to seedling height (51.25%). The results showed that black rust infection affects seedling traits and the diversity between genotypes can be used to improve wheat genotypes. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Black rust
  • Genetic diversity
  • Heredity
  • Seedlings

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