ارزیابی عملکرد و صفات زراعی برخی ارقام گندم در شرایط کشت دیم و آبی در منطقه دشتستان استان بوشهر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران

2 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گچساران، ایران

3 محقق، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گچساران، ایران

10.22034/plant.2024.141236.1101

چکیده

تنش خشکی معضل اصلی مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک از جمله استان بوشهر است که بر تولید گندم اثر نامطلوبی دارد. با توجه به کمبود بارندگی و خشکسالی‌های متوالی، مقایسه ارقام گندم به منظور مقایسه صفات در شرایط مشابه کشت از نظر بیشترین عملکرد و متحمل‌ترین نسبت به شرایط تنش خشکی،  اهمیت بسیاری دارد. در این پژوهش در سال زراعی 1402-1401 هشت رقم مناسب کشت در دشتستان بوشهر شامل چمران، کوهدشت، دهدشت، کریم، قابوس، ساورز، مهرگان و آفتاب با دو روش کشت آبی و دیم در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی بررسی و از نظر صفات مختلف زراعی مقایسه شدند. مقایسه صفات مختلف با دو روش کشت، نشان دهنده تأثیر نامطلوب تنش  بر ارقام مورد بررسی و وجود برهمکنش تنش و رقم در مورد بسیاری از صفات بود. با این‌حال در مورد طول برگ پرچم و تعداد برگ در بوته، هر چند در دو محیط کشت تفاوت آماری وجود نداشت اما میزان قدرمطلق آن در شرایط دیم بیشتر بود. متوسط میزان عملکرد ارقام گندم در شرایط کشت آبی، 5/2938 و در شرایط کشت دیم 6/1347 کیلوگرم در هکتار  بود. با بررسی صفات مرتبط با عملکرد و اجزای آن، در شرایط کشت آبی، ارقام چمران، مهرگان و آفتاب وضعیت مطلوبی داشتند. عملکرد ارقام چمران، مهرگان و آفتاب در کشت آبی به ترتیب 7/3589، 1/3539 و 8/3315 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. رقم کوهدشت از نظر بیشتر صفات مرتبط با عملکرد و اجزای آن شامل تعداد پنجه بارور، تعداد سنبلچه، تعداد دانه در سنبله، عملکرد دانه در بوته و عملکرد در هکتار  به عنوان بهترین رقم ارزیابی شد. همچنین این رقم در شرایط دیم، مقاومت خوبی از خود نشان داد و ثبات و پایداری عملکرد بهتری داشت.، به گونه‌ای که در مقایسه با کشت آبی، فقط 4/19 درصد کاهش عملکرد نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of yield and agronomic traits of some wheat cultivrs under dryland and irrigated conditions in Dashtestan region, Bushehr province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamidreza Nooryazdan 1
  • Rahmatollah Karimizadeh 2
  • Fatemeh Vafaee 3
1 Assistants professor, Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering , Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
2 Assistants professor, Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gachsaran, Iran
3 Researcher, Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gachsaran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Drought stress is a significant constraint in arid and semi-arid regions, such as Bushehr province, Iran, and it has a detrimental impact on wheat production.Given the scarcity of rainfall and recurrent droughts, comparing wheat cultivars is crucial to identify those with higher yield and resilience under drought stress conditions. Eight wheat cultivars suitable for cultivation in Dashtestan, Bushehr province, were planted under both irrigated and dryland conditions using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and evaluated for various Agronomic traits in 2022-2023 years. The comparison of various traits under both irrigated and dryland conditions revealed the detrimental impact of drought stress on the evaluated wheat cultivars and the presence of genotype-by-environment interactions for a many of traits.While no significant statistical differences were observed for flag leaf length and the number of leaves per plant between the two cultivation environments, their absolute values were generally higher under dryland conditions. The average grain yield of the wheat cultivars was 4929.4 kg/ha under irrigated conditions and 1347.6 kg/ha under dryland conditions. Upon assessing yield-related traits and their components under irrigated conditions, Chamran, Mehregan and Aftab cultivars exhibited superior productivity. ‌‌ The yields of Chamran, Mehrgan and Aftab cultivars in irrigated cultivation were 3589.7, 3539.1 and 3315.8 kg per hectare, respectively. Among all the evaluated cultivars, Koohdasht exhibited the most favorable productivity in terms of the majority of yield-related traits and their components, including the number of productive tillers, the number of spikelets, the number of grains per spikelet, grain yield per plant, and grain yield per hectare. Additionally, this cultivar demonstrated remarkable resilience to drought stress and exhibited yield stability. Under dryland conditions, the cultivar exhibited a yield reduction of only 19.4% compared to irrigated conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • grain yield components
  • grain yield stability
  • wheat

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