اثر محلول‌پاشی گیاه مادری بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی موسیر(.Allium hirtifolium Boiss) در شرایط مزرعه و امکان‌سنجی شکست خواب بذور تولیدی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

2 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

10.22034/plant.2025.143621.1158

چکیده

مقدمه: ﻣﻮﺳﯿﺮ یکی از گیاهان ﻣﻬﻢ دارویی در اﯾﺮان ﺑﻮده که تغذیه گیاه مادری آن نقش بسزایی در جوانه‌زنی و بنیه بذور تولیدی دارد. اگرچه تکثیر موسیر با کاشت پیازهای مادری انجام می‌شود، اما تکثیر جنسی این گیاه از طریق بذر به‌دلیل امکان انبار کردن بذور در شرایط مناسب انبار، ارزان بودن، سازگار بودن به شرایط محیطی متفاوت و عدم انتقال بیماری‌های ویروسی راه حل مناسبی برای اهلی کردن، جلوگیری از انقراض و ازدیاد آن است. با این وجود در‌ حال حاضر تکثیر موسیر از طریق بذر به‌دلیل وجود خواب در بذر، داشتن جوانه‌زنی ضعیف و استقرار نامناسب گیاه، دارای محدودیت می‌باشد. لذا این مطالعه با هدف محلولپاشی گیاه مادری با برخی ترکیبات آلی و معدنی، به منظور افزایش عملکرد بذر و بهبود خصوصیات جوانه­زنی و همچنین امکان سنجی شکست خواب بذور در آزمایشگاه صورت گرفته است.
مواد و روش‌ها: یک آزمایش مزرعه‌ای به‌منظور ارزیابی اثرات محلول‌پاشی گیاه مادری بر عملکرد و خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی موسیر، و دو آزمایش آزمایشگاهی برای امکان‌سنجی شکست خواب بذور تولیدی انجام شد. آزمایش مزرعه‌ای به صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 9 تیمار و 3 تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی شامل: اسید‌هیومیک (3 g.lit-1)، سولفات روی (4 g.lit-1)، اوره (10 g.lit-1)، جیبرلیک‌اسید (0.1 g.lit-1)، سالیسیلیک‌اسید (0.25 g.lit-1)، ویتاسپرین (3 g.lit-1)، کودهای ماکرو (10 g.lit-1)، بور (5 g.lit-1) و شاهد (محلولپاشی با آب معمولی) بود. در بخش آزمایشگاهی که به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی صورت گرفت، تیمارهای مختلف شکستن خواب بذر حاصل از مزرعه شامل: خراش‌دهی بذور با سمباده به ‌مدت سه دقیقه و سپس قرار دادن بذور در دو دمای چهار و هشت درجه سانتی‌گراد به مدت 45 روز (آزمایش اول) و قرار دادن بذور در آب جوش به‌مدت 20 ثانیه و بلافاصله قرار دادن بذور در آب یخ به مدت 20 ثانیه و سپس قرار دادن بذور در دو دمای چهار و هشت درجه سانتی‌گراد به مدت 45 روز (آزمایش دوم) بود.
نتایج: نتایج حاصل از آزمایش اول در ارتباط با تاثیر تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد در شرایط مزرعه نشان داد که بالاترین تعداد دانه به ازای هر بوته، تعداد کل دانه‌ها و عملکرد کل در تیمار اسید‌هیومیک مشاهده گردید. بذور برداشتی از آزمایش مزرعه­ای بدون اعمال پیش­تیمار در شرایط عادی آزمایشگاه قادر به جوانه­زنی نبودند. بدین منظور در دو آزمایش جداگانه اثر قرارگیری بذور به صورت متناوب در آب جوش و سرد و همچنین خراش­دهی مکانیکی آنها توسط سمباده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پی از اعمال دو تیمار مذکور، بذرها در دو مای 4 و 8 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 45 روز تحت شرایط مرطوب قرار گرفتند تا وضعیت جوانه­زنی آنها بررسی گردد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که قرارگیری متناوب بذور در آب جوش و سرد موفقیت­آمیز نبود و هیچ بذری در این شرایط جوانه نزد. با این حال خراش­دهی مکانیکی توسط سمباده منجر به حصول نتایج قابل توجه گردید. در تیمار خراش‌دهی بذور با سمباده، اگرچه نگهداری بذور در دمای 4 درجه سانتیگراد منجر به حصول بیشترین درصد جوانه­زنی و شاخص بنیه بذر گردید، اما بیشترین سرعت جوانه­زنی، تعداد گیاهچه­های نرمال، وزن و طول گیاهچه در شرایط نگهداری بذور در دمای 8 درجه سانتیگراد به دست آمد.
نتیجه­گیری: نتایج این مطالعه در مجموع حاکی از دو نتیجه مهم بود، اول اینکه تغذیه گیاه مادری بر روی خصوصیات جوانه­زنی بعدی بذور در شرایط آزمایشگاه تاثیر معنی­دار گذاشت و دوم اینکه مشخص شد که خراش­دهی مکانیکی بذور موسیر مشکل جوانه­زنی بذور این گیاه را مرتفع می­سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Foliar application effect of mother plant on the germination traits of shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) in field conditions and feasibility study of dormancy breaking of produced seeds

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arghavan Matin 1
  • Farzad Hosseinpanahi 2
  • Adel Siosemardeh 1
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Shallot is one of the important medicinal plants in Iran, and the nutrition of its mother plant plays a significant role in the germination and vigor of the produced seeds. Although shallot propagation is done by planting mother bulbs, sexual propagation of this plant through seeds is a suitable solution for domestication, prevention of extinction, and proliferation due to the possibility of storing seeds in suitable storage conditions, being cheap, adaptable to different environmental conditions, and not transmitting viral diseases. However, at present, shallot propagation through seeds has limitations due to the presence of dormancy in the seeds, poor germination, and improper establishment of the plant. Therefore, this study was conducted to spray the mother plant with some organic and mineral compounds in order to increase seed yield and improve germination characteristics, as well as to assess the feasibility of breaking seed dormancy in the laboratory.
Material and methods: A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of foliar spraying of mother plants on the yield and germination characteristics of shallot, and two laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the feasibility of breaking dormancy of the produced seeds. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and 3 replications. Foliar spray treatments included: humic acid (3 g.lit-1), zinc sulfate (4 g.lit-1), urea (10 g.lit-1), gibberellic acid (0.1 g.lit-1), salicylic acid (0.25 g.lit-1), Vitasprin (3 g.lit-1), macro fertilizers (10 g.lit-1), boron (5 g.lit-1) and control (spraying solution with water). In the laboratory section, which was conducted as a factorial based on a completely randomized design, different treatments for breaking seed dormancy from the field included: scarification of the seeds with a sandpaper for three minutes and then placing the seeds at two temperatures of four and eight degrees Celsius for 45 days (first experiment), placing the seeds in boiling water for 20 seconds and immediately placing the seeds in ice water for 20 seconds and then placing the seeds at two temperatures of four and eight degrees Celsius for 45 days (second experiment).
Results and Discussion: The results of the first experiment regarding the effect of foliar spray treatments on yield and yield components under field conditions showed that the highest number of seeds per plant, total number of seeds, and total yield were observed in the humic acid treatment. Seeds harvested from the field experiment without pretreatment were unable to germinate under standard laboratory conditions. To this end, in two separate experiments, the effect of alternating exposure of seeds in boiling and cold water, as well as their mechanical scarification with sandpaper, was investigated. Following applying the two aforementioned treatments, the seeds were incubated at 4 and 8 degrees Celsius for 45 days under moist condition to assess their germination characteristics. The results of this study showed that alternating exposure of seeds in boiling and cold water was not successful and no seeds germinated under these conditions. However, scarification by sandpaper led to significant results. In the current treatment, although storing seeds at 4°C resulted in the highest germination percentage and seed vigor index, the highest germination rate, number of normal seedlings, seedling weight and length were obtained under conditions of storing seeds at 8°C.
Conclusion: The results of this study, in summary, indicated two important findings: first, that maternal plants nutrition significantly affected the subsequent germination characteristics of the seeds under laboratory conditions, and second, it was found that scarification of shallot seeds overcomes this plants germination problem.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Humic acid
  • Boron
  • Gibberellic acid
  • Salicylic acid
  • Zinc sulfate
  • Vitasprin

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